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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurements were made of serum and urine myoglobin in 48 patients with leptospiral jaundice (LJ) and 56 patients with various acute infections. At the height of LJ blood myoglobin level reached 28.96 +/- 4.3 micrograms/l (normal concentration 0.315 +/- 0.002 microgram/l). Compared to acute pneumonia, acute viral hepatitis, tonsillitis, erysipelas, diphtheria, health values, the ratio of serum myoglobin to urine myoglobin in leptospirosis made up 45.25 against 5.4, 4.8, 6.8, 3.7, 1.8 and 1.3, respectively. A relationship was found between concentrations of myoglobin, bilirubin, creatinine in the blood and leptospirosis severity. Elevation of serum myoglobin as a manifestation of specific myositis is pathognomic for leptospirosis and contributes to the onset of acute renal failure and disturbance of bilirubin metabolism. Quantitation of blood myoglobin may be helpful as an additional test for leptospirosis severity.
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PMID:[The importance of myoglobin in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis]. 921 68

Subacute cellulitis could be described as intermediary forms between benign erysipelas and life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis with toxic shock syndrome. The key point is to consider any cellulitis a possible indication for surgery. Subacute cellulitis may occur in the elderly or diabetic patients. Local signs (cyanosis, necrosis.) are sometimes isolated. They may occur during the evolution of cellulitis requiring a medical treatment. This emphasizes the importance of carefully following-up any patient treated by antibiotics for cellulitis, i.e. monitoring the extension of erythema (using a felt-pen) and atypical local signs. Complementary investigations are especially helpful when diagnosing cellulitis requiring a surgical treatment: fine-needle aspirations; histology; soft-tissue X-ray; MR imaging that can detect alterations of the cutis and fascia, myositis, and abscesses. Surgery can be delayed for such patients, allowing for a better preparation. Sometimes, only surgical exploration may confirm cellulitis. Lastly, some cases may mimic surgical cellulitis but a prolonged course of antibiotics is able to control the disease. Abscesses requiring secondary surgical evacuation may complicate all these insidious features.
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PMID:[Subacute forms of necrotizing fasciitis and necrotizing cellulitis: diagnosis criteria and surgical decision-making]. 1131 70

This review summarizes the microbiological aspects and management of soft tissue and muscle infections. The infections presented are: impetigo, folliculitis, furunculosis and carbuncles, cellulitis, erysipelas, infectious gangrene (includes necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal gangrene, gas gangrene or clostridium myonecrosis, anaerobic cellulites, progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene, synergistic necrotizing cellulitis or perineal phlegmon, gangrenous balanitis, and gangrenous cellulitis in the immunocompromised patient), secondary bacterial infections complication skin lesions, diabetic and other chronic superficial skin ulcers and subcutaneous abscesses and myositis. These infections often occur in body sites or in those that have been compromised or injured by foreign body, trauma, ischemia, malignancy or surgery. In addition to Group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, the indigenous aerobic and anaerobic cutaneous and mucous membranes local microflora usually is responsible for polymicrobial infections. These infections may occasionally lead to serious potentially life-threatening local and systemic complications. The infections can progress rapidly and early recognition and proper medical and surgical management is the cornerstone of therapy.
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PMID:Microbiology and management of soft tissue and muscle infections. 1772 Jun 43

The severity of streptococcal infections depends upon different virulence of individual strains of its causative agent. The most important species are beta-haemolytic group A streptococci (GAS). Clinical manifestations include skin affections, respiratory tract infections and, in particular, serious systemic invasive infections. The pathogenicity of GAS is derived from cell wall components and extracellular products, especially toxins with properties of the so-called superantigens. Less invasive forms of the disease are include necrotizing fasciitis, myositis, pneumonia, sepsis without focus, arthritis, meningitis, puerperal sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and severe course of erysipelas and cellulitis with blood culture positive for GAS. In most cases, soft tissue infections dominate, often accompanied by chronic diseases of lower extremities in elderly patients. The other clinical forms are rather rare. In children, the condition is clearly frequently related to chickenpox. The generally accepted therapeutic management comprises comprehensive intensive care, early administration of penicillin in combination with clindamycin, and surgical intervention. The use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), elimination methods and hyperbaric oxygen are under discussion. The slight increase in cases and ineffective prevention require rapid assessment of diagnosis and adequate treatment as a protracted course of the condition is connected with a high mortality rate.
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PMID:[Invasive streptococcal infections]. 1832 May

New Caledonia is an archipelago in the South Pacific with a high prevalence of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Conducted in 2006, this study aimed at characterizing clinical manifestations and microbial features of isolates obtained from invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease. Clinical and demographic data were collected prospectively. Isolates were biotyped, T typed, emm sequenced, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Detection of the speA, speB, speC, and ssa genes was also carried out. The estimated annual incidence of invasive S. pyogenes disease in 2006 was high at 38 cases/100,000 inhabitants in New Caledonia. Invasive isolates were obtained from 90 patients with necrotizing fasciitis (41 cases), bacteremia with no identified focus (12 cases), myositis (10 cases), septic arthritis (9 cases), erysipelas (8 cases), postpartum infection (4 cases), myelitis and osteomyelitis (3 cases), severe pneumonia (2 cases), and endocarditis (1 case). The most frequent associated comorbidities were skin lesions (71%) and obesity (29%). Thirty-one different emm types were identified, and the following six accounted for 54% of the isolates: emm15 (15.5%), emm92 (12.2%), emm106 (8.9%), emm74 (6.7%), emm89 (5.6%), and emm109 (5.6%). The speA, speC, and ssa genes were expressed at different frequencies in the various emm types. The first epidemiological study of invasive S. pyogenes disease in New Caledonia highlights that emm type distribution is particular and should be taken into account in the development of an appropriate vaccine. These findings support the prevention of pyoderma and other cutaneous lesions in order to limit the development of both invasive disease and poststreptococcal sequelae in the South Pacific.
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PMID:Clinical and microbial characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in New Caledonia, a region in Oceania with a high incidence of acute rheumatic fever. 1995 76

Three types of group A streptococcal infections are particularly feared: necrotizing fasciitis, myositis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS). We present 3 cases of necrotizing fasciitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes, one in an immunocompromised patient who had received kidney transplant and 2 healthy patients. Mean age of patients was 52 years (range, 42-67 years), and all 3 were male. One spontaneous case in absence of any obvious portal of entry is reported. The clinical course was initially indolent but quickly destructive. All patients required emergency surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics. In 2 cases, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was added. Differential diagnoses include septic arthritis, cellulitis, gout, other causes of tenosynovitis, erysipelas, and deep vein thrombosis.Blood and soft-tissue cultures should be obtained to identify the bacteria, and emergency computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and define the extension of the necrosis. Aggressive surgical debridement in the first 24 to 48 hours and antibiotic treatment, including penicillin and clindamycin, are the cornerstones in the management of these infections. Adjuvant intravenous immunoglobulin therapy might be useful in case of TSS. Diagnostic and treatment delays are the main causes of mortality in these infections.
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PMID:Necrotizing fasciitis and myositis caused by streptococcal flesh-eating bacteria. 2108 16