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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An accurate differential diagnosis of ptosis results if one refers the functional disorders of the levator to the different levels of the motor unit: Muscle, synapsis, peripheral neuron and nucleus. Therefore ptosis can be classified into myogenic, synaptogenic and neurogenic forms. This classification is also based on electromyographic findings from the levator muscle. Myogenic forms of the ptosis are: Senile ptosis, chronic progressive ocular muscle dystrophy, acute exophthalmic myositis and affections of the levator together with general systemic myopathies. Synaptogenic forms of ptosis are: Botulism and myasthenia gravis. Neurogenic forms of ptosis are: Cortical ptosis, ptosis from lesions of the oculomotor nucleus (congenital ptosis, Moebius-syndrome), peripheral oculomotor palsy, ptosis in aberrant third nerve regeneration, sympathetic ptosis (Horner-syndrome), ptosis in cases of paradoxic innervation such as the Duane retraction-syndrome and the Marcus-Gunn-Jaw-Winking-syndrome (ptosis linked with jaw movement). According to the classification in myogenic, synaptogenic and peripheral-neurogenic forms of ptosis, the therapeutic possibilities (medical, surgical etc.) are discussed.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of ptosis (author's transl)]. 97 34

This chapter covers the very large number of possible disorders that can affect the three ocular motor nerves, the neuromuscular junction, or the extraocular muscles. Conditions affecting the nerves are discussed under two major headings: those in which the site of damage can be anatomically localized (e.g., fascicular lesions and lesions occurring in the subarachnoid space, the cavernous sinus, the superior orbital fissure, or the orbit) and those in which the site of the lesion is either nonspecific or variable (e.g., vascular lesions, tumors, "ophthalmoplegic migraine," and congenital disorders). Specific comments on the diagnosis and management of disorders of each of the three nerves follow. Ocular motor synkineses (including Duane's retraction syndrome and aberrant regeneration) and disorders resulting in paroxysms of excess activity (e.g., neuromyotonia) are then covered, followed by myasthenia gravis and other disorders that affect the neuromuscular junction. A final section discusses disorders of the extraocular muscles themselves, including thyroid disease, orbital myositis, mitochondrial disease, and the muscular dystrophies.
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PMID:Infranuclear ocular motor disorders. 2160 Oct 71