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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 19 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who had large pressure sores and in whom other complications were suspected. CT detected the depth, extent, and degree of undermining of the edges of the pressure sores in 19 of 27 lesions. Conventional radiography detected four cases of pelvic osteomyelitis. CT detected eight additional cases of pelvic osteomyelitis, as well as eight clinically unsuspected peripelvic and intrapelvic abscesses. Technetium-99m bone scanning was not very helpful because of localization in chronic proliferative changes of bone and widespread foci of myositis ossificans, as well as in osteomyelitis. Gallium-67 scanning detected only one of six abscesses. It was not very helpful because of confusion of abscess and osteomyelitis with intense soft tissue swelling and cellulitis, which are often associated with pressure sores in patients with chronic SCI. CT was found to be, by far, the modality of choice for detection of pelvic osteomyelitis and abscess in patients with SCI.
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PMID:Computerized tomography of pelvic osteomyelitis in patients with spinal cord injuries. 622 39

Clinical and laboratory data from 1973 to 1988 were retrospectively reviewed to study the microbiology of infection following trauma. A total of 368 specimens obtained from 340 trauma patients showed bacterial growth. The traumas included lacerations (163), blunt trauma (76), penetrating trauma (65), bites (20), and open fractures (10). Anaerobic bacteria only were isolated in 119 (32%) specimens, aerobic bacteria only in 58 (16%), and mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora in 191 (52%). A total of 444 anaerobic (1.2 isolates per specimen) and 267 aerobic or facultative (0.7 per specimen) were recovered. The predominant anaerobic bacteria included Bacteroides fragilis group (119 isolates), Peptostreptococcus spp (113), Clostridium spp (78), Prevotella spp (58), and Fusobacterium spp (23). The predominant aerobic bacteria included Escherichia coli (83), Staphylococcus aureus (61), Streptococcus pyogenes (27), Streptococcus group D (16), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16). The types of infections included abscesses (109), bacteremia (32), bites (13), empyema (10), osteomyelitis (21), peritonitis (52), thrombophlebitis (12), and wounds (116, including posttraumatic wounds, cellulitis, stump wound, decubitus ulcers, myositis, and fasciitis). S. aureus was isolated at all sites. However, organisms of the oropharyngeal flora predominated in infections that originated from that location (ie, head and neck wounds, and abscesses or bites), and those of the gastrointestinal flora predominated in infections that originated from that site (ie, peritonitis, abdominal abscesses, decubitus ulcers). This study showed the polymicrobial nature of many infections that follow trauma.
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PMID:Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of infection after trauma. 978 44

Background. According to Annex 7 to Resolution no. 226/2003, the National Health Fund does not cover the costs of diagnostic procedures performed in rehabilitation departments. Everyday clinical practice shows that the availability of imaging studies and specialized laboratory tests is often crucial for effective and safe patient management. The purpose of our research was to analyze the need for diagnostic procedures and verification of referral diagnosis in patients with spinal cord injury admitted to a rehabilitation department. Material and methods. We studied 175 patients (134 males and 41 females, 16 to 75 years of age, mean age 35.2 years) admitted with a diagnosis of spinal cord injury to the Rehabilitation Department of the Warsaw Medical University in the period from 1998 to 2004. Referral diagnoses were compared to the diagnoses established after examination on admission to our Department (verified diagnoses). Results. In 67 patients (38.3%) the referral diagnosis differed from the verified diagnosis. The most frequent new diagnoses included: myositis ossificans: 22 cases (12.6%), decubitus ulcers: 14 cases (8.0%); other trophic skin lesions: 9 cases (5.4%) and undiagnosed concomitant injuries: 5 cases (2.9%). 13 patients (7.5%) were disqualified from further rehabilitation and referred for surgical treatment. Conclusions. 38.3% of our patients with spinal cord injury admitted for rehabilitation had an incorrect referral diagnosis. Legislative decisions limiting the availability of diagnostic procedures at rehabilitation departments lead to decreased health care quality. Spinal cord injury patients admitted for rehabilitation require verification of the referral diagnoses, preferably by the staff of the rehabilitation department.
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PMID:The importance of verifying diagnosis in patients with spinal cord injury hospitalized in a rehabilitation department. 1761 54

Cranial and spinal trauma are a frequent cause of disability in the general population. Post-traumatic paraplegia or quadriplegia or hemiplegia from vascular injury (CVA) can lead to early complications (respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, cutaneous, infectious...) that may have an impact on the immediate prognosis. Neurologic and orthopedic complications occur later and further impair the quality of life of patients. Orthopedic complications include: neurogenic paraosteoarthropathy (NPOA) or neurogenic osteoma or myositis ossificans (NMO). The nomenclature currently in use is NMO; Osseous complications: osteoporosis and secondary insufficiency fractures; Joint complications: degenerative arthropathy and stiffness; Overuse mechanical complications; Muscular complications; Infectious complications: arthritis and myositis complicating skin ulcers and bed sores. The purpose of this paper is to describe these neuro-orthopedic complications and review their imaging features.
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PMID:[Imaging features of neurologic and orthopedic complications from severe trauma]. 2124 35

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a process whereby lamellar bone forms in the soft tissues surrounding a joint. The most common type of HO is traumatic myositis ossificans, which develops following traumatic injuries, burns or arthroplasty. A variety of other forms of HO also exist, such as those associated with central nervous system injury and systemic forms that can manifest at other joints simultaneously. Clinically, patients can present with decreased range of motion, pressure ulcers, nerve compression, swelling, pain or asymptomatically. Symptomatic patients are most commonly treated with surgical debridement of the affected heterotopic deposits.Spinal dysraphism (SD) is a term describing a wide range of congenital malformations of the neural tube, ranging from spina bifida occulta to the more severe form, myelomeningocele. The cause of SD is multifactorial and has been associated with chromosomal disorders, teratogenic exposure and folate deficiency. Many patients with SD experience neuropathy below the affected neurological level, making them particularly susceptible to pressure ulcers. If these ulcers are severe and do not respond to conservative therapy, they often require surgical debridement and flap reconstruction - a clinical scenario that rarely results in HO.The present article describes a case involving a patient with pelvic HO following myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a pressure ulcer. The patient was successfully treated with oral bisphosphonate and aggressive physiotherapy.
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PMID:Management of pelvic heterotopic ossification post-myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a sacral pressure ulcer. 2265 35