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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ocular inflammation may affect all eye layers: conjunctiva, sclera, uvea, and orbital tissues. The main eye involvement requiring a systemic treatment is uveitis, which represents a heterogeneous group of rare diseases, most of which are sight-threatening. In around 40% of uveitis cases an underlying systemic disease, often of autoimmune origin, can be identified. In autoimmune diseases with intraocular inflammation (IOI), uveitis may be the first clinical manifestation and may represent the most severe sign. Studies in animal models, especially in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), offer the opportunity to investigate the pathogenicity of these disorders. The conventional treatment of IOI includes corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents, which are efficient in around one-half of the patients; however, their effectiveness is also limited by their iatrogenicity. The effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on ocular inflammation have been investigated in a wide spectrum of autoimmune/systemic diseases. Most publications are case series or open trials. They show favorable results in a subset of indications including mainly ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, or birdshot disease. Efficacy results are more debated in other conditions, such as inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis. In other diseases with IOI (Wegener disease, Behcet's disease, inflammatory myositis), only case reports are available, suggesting that IVIg may be of some interest. These observations support the need for controlled trials to demonstrate the efficacy of IVIg and assess their potential steroid-sparing effect.
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PMID:Intravenous immunoglobulin in eye involvement. 1639 5

A 47-year-old man presented with complaints of progressive diplopia in downgaze and a painful firm mass on the left medial superior canthus. On examination, there was marked hyperemia of the superior bulbar conjunctiva of the left eye. Systemic examination revealed erythematous papules on his trunk and pulmonary infiltrates. CT of the orbits revealed a fusiform enlargement of the left superior oblique muscle and diffuse infiltration of the left temporal region. Biopsy of the left superior oblique muscle and temporal muscle disclosed Congo red deposits that show apple-green birefringence under polarized light. A comprehensive systemic investigation failed to show any disease that could explain the amyloid deposits. The patient was then diagnosed as having primary systemic amyloidosis. We think that this case highlights the necessity of a biopsy in any atypical extraocular muscle enlargement before a diagnosis of myositis.
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PMID:Superior oblique muscle amyloidosis mimicking myositis. 1820 59

We report a rare case that developed orbital myositis before appearance of zoster rashes. A 54 year-old man came to our hospital with a 4-day history of left orbital shooting pain extending to left temporal area. Neurological examinations demonstrated mild left proptosis and hyperemic conjunctiva without ophthalmoplegia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed left orbital myositis and periorbital skin eruptions appeared two days after this MRI study. The symptoms were improved after antiviral therapy and a follow-up MRI showed resolution of orbital myositis. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus may present as acute orbital myositis preceding skin eruptions and the recovery of orbital myositis was excellent in these patients. Our patient had postherpetic neuralgia which did not develop in previously reported cases. We conclude that herpes zoster should be listed as a cause of orbital myositis even without skin rashes.
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PMID:Acute orbital myositis heralding herpes zoster ophthalmicus: report of a case. 1856 28

Here we describe the rare case of a 55-year-old man with medial rectus muscle myositis as an atypical presentation of non-Hodgkin B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoma (MALT). Pathology and immunohistochemistry of the affected muscle confirmed the diagnosis of a neoplasm. The primary etiology of orbital myositis is Graves' ophthalmopathy, but several other diseases may cause this clinical presentation. Therefore, the neoplastic causes must be eliminated from the differential diagnoses. non-Hodgkin B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoma is the most common histological type of lymphoma in the orbit, with the conjunctiva and lacrimal glands being the most commonly affected sites. However, it may also present in atypical forms involving others sites and tissues.
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PMID:Medial rectus muscle myositis as an atypical presentation of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma: a case report. 2507 78