Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 72-year-old woman referred to our hospital because of slowly progressive (over 2 years) muscle weakness and paresthesias of the lower limbs. On neurological examination, weakness and muscle atrophies were noted in the distal upper limbs as well as the proximal lower limbs. She had also paresthesias of the legs. The level of creatinine phosphokinase (CK) was 126 IU/l. The magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated gadolinium enhancement of the nerve roots at the L4-S2 vertebrate levels. Nerve conduction study showed decreased compound muscle action potential and motor conduction velocity of tibial and peroneal nerves. Biopsy of the left biceps brachii muscle showed variations in fiber size, endomysial mononuclear cell infiltration and the findings like a rimmed vacuole. Although almost of her findings were in accord with clinical features of inclusion body myositis, strong inflammatory cellular influences allowed us to administer corticosteroid therapy. Because her weakness was well responded to steroid therapy, polymyositis was considered as differential diagnosis. Then, further examinations were investigated to search any occult neoplasm, and detected the early gastric cancer. Total gastrectomy was performed later, and the pathological diagnosis was made as a signet-ring cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of systemic myositis and subacute sensory neuropathy concomitant with signet-ring cell carcinoma. These symptoms might be occurred as a result of paraneoplastic syndrome associated with satellite effects of the signet-ring cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Case of systemic myositis and subacute sensory neuropathy concomitant with signet-ring cell carcinoma]. 2041 7

Dermatomyositis is associated with an underlying malignancy in about 24% of cases. This association is also true for polymyositis but is less prominent. The malignancy is usually an adenocarcinoma of the ovary, lung, or gastrointestinal tract in Western countries and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Northern Africa. Factors predictive of malignancy in myositis patients include more severe skin and muscle disease and the absence of overlap connective tissue disease features, such as interstitial lung disease. Anti-p155/140 antibodies have a strong predictive value for malignancy in adult patients. Patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis require an evaluation for occult malignancy at the time of diagnosis and, in some cases, in the event of a subsequent recurrence. This paraneoplastic phenomenon may stem from an immune reaction to antigens expressed in both cancer cells and regenerating fibers in affected muscle.
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PMID:Malignancy in myositis. 2133 21

In this chapter the presentation and management of common orbital diseases are discussed. An accurate clinical history and assessment are essential, with computed tomography being the imaging of choice. Magnetic resonance imaging provides detail of intrinsic optic nerve disease and orbital apical or intracranial pathology, and ultrasonography is valuable in assessing anterior orbital masses, in particular vascular lesions. Inflammatory lesions require a tissue biopsy before immunosuppression is instituted. Exceptions to this principle are scleritis, myositis, thyroid eye disease, and characteristic orbital apex syndrome, in which delay in immune suppression may jeopardize visual outcome. The term "orbital pseudotumor" is now obsolete. The management of active thyroid eye disease includes immunosuppression and low-dose orbital radiotherapy. Urgent orbital decompression is indicated in the presence of nonresponsive optic neuropathy, and inactive disease is managed by decompression for exophthalmos, and correction of muscle imbalance and lid retraction. Subacute lacrimal gland inflammation, unresponsive to a few weeks of nonsteroidal treatment, may be due to underlying carcinoma and a specialist opinion should be sought without delay. Pleomorphic adenoma, with typical features on imaging, should always be excised intact to avoid subsequent pervasive malignant disease.
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PMID:Neuro-ophthalmology of orbital disease. 2160 Oct 77

Cancer-related muscle diseases are usually paraneoplastic disorders. Dermatomyositis (DM) is a type of inflammatory myopathy that is strongly associated with a broad range of malignant disorders. The malignancy can occur before, concomitantly or after the onset of myositis. The malignancies most commonly associated with DM are carcinomas of ovary, lung, stomach, colorectal and pancreas, as well as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. An association of DM with carcinoma of the gall bladder (GB) is extremely rare with only two previously reported cases in the literature. We report a case of carcinoma of GB with DM as the paraneoplastic manifestation.
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PMID:Carcinoma of gall bladder presenting as dermatomyositis. 2165 5

We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly enlarging, painful, midline neck mass that developed over a three day period. A CT scan of the neck showed a solid circumscribed mass in the sternohyoid muscle. The initial differential diagnosis included inflammation of thyroglossal duct remnant, an abnormal lymph node, and thyroid carcinoma. The patient underwent operative excision with final pathology revealing proliferative myositis. Proliferative myositis is an uncommon benign proliferation of skeletal muscle and has only been reported a limited number of times in the head and neck region.
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PMID:Benign proliferative myositis of the sternohyoid muscle: review and case report. 2523 69

Mild elevation of creatine kinase (CK) is common in untreated hypothyroidism, but severe myositis and overt rhabdomyolysis are rare. Similarly, muscle pain and CK elevation are potential side effects of statin therapy, yet rhabdomyolysis is likewise rare in the absence of medication interactions adversely affecting statin metabolism. The coexistence of statin therapy and hypothyroid states may synergistically increase the risk of myopathy. We describe a case of rhabdomyolysis attributable to induced hypothyroidism in a patient on chronic statin medication who was anticipating adjuvant radioiodine ((131)I) therapy for a thyroid carcinoma.
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PMID:Rhabdomyolysis in the setting of induced hypothyroidism and statin therapy: a case report. 2596 Sep 64

The most frequent metastatic sites of the urothelial bladder cancers (UBCs) are bones, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, pleura, and brain. In the literature, skeletal muscle metastases from UBC have been rarely reported. We report a case of a 65-year-old male with metastatic myositis ossificans to obturator muscle 14 months after radical cystectomy performed for a muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma. An abdomen computed tomography scan showed a lesion of about 8 cm in diameter in the left obturator muscle with myositis ossificans aspect. Ultrasound guided biopsy specimen of the left obturator muscle revealed poorly differentiated metastatic urothelial carcinoma with malignant myositis ossificans aspects. The patient refused additional surgery and received systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the site of the lesion. The patient more than 6 months after treatment has a good performance status with a partial reduction of the mass and negative imaging for metastases in the follow-up.
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PMID:A Rare Metastatic Myositis Ossificans of Obturator Muscle Secondary to Urothelial Carcinoma. 2650 Jul 29

Laryngeal carcinoma is rarely associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Inflammatory myopathy presenting as paraneoplastic event is commonly associated with carcinomas of ovary, lung, pancreas, stomach, colorectal, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We report a case of elderly male, who presented with proximal muscle weakness and found to be associated with laryngeal carcinoma. Diagnosis of polymyositis (PM) was confirmed based on clinical features, laboratory test, and muscle biopsy. Exclusion of other commonly associated malignancies was done. This patient improved gradually after 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy and management of underlying cancer.
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PMID:Laryngeal carcinoma presenting as polymyositis: A paraneoplastic syndrome. 2701 53

Carcinomas can cause an unusual, infiltrative pattern of metastatic carcinoma in extremity muscles on MRI. To assess this pattern, reports of MRI exams of 907 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of carcinoma were reviewed retrospectively to identify those that mentioned muscle metastasis or myositis in an extremity. Thirty-six (4%) of those reports described muscle metastasis (n=18) or myositis (n=18); based on medical record review and imaging follow-up, 17 cases represented metastases. Metastases manifested as an infiltrative carcinomatosis pattern in five patients, resulted from primary esophageal or gastric adenocarcinomas, and often were misdiagnosed as myositis.
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PMID:Infiltrative pattern of carcinomatosis in extremity muscles on MRI. 2713 85

There is often overlap in the diagnostic features of common pathologic processes such as infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer both clinically and using conventional imaging techniques. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography probe for live bacterial infection based on the small-molecule antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP). [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim, or [18F]FPTMP, shows a greater than 100-fold increased uptake in vitro in live bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to controls. In a rodent myositis model, [18F]FPTMP identified live bacterial infection without demonstrating confounding increased signal in the same animal from other etiologies including chemical inflammation (turpentine) and cancer (breast carcinoma). Additionally, the biodistribution of [18F]FPTMP in a nonhuman primate shows low background in many important tissues that may be sites of infection such as the lungs and soft tissues. These results suggest that [18F]FPTMP could be a broadly useful agent for the sensitive and specific imaging of bacterial infection with strong translational potential.
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PMID:Bacterial infection imaging with [18F]fluoropropyl-trimethoprim. 2871 36


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