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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of discrete metastases to an extraocular muscle from a silent small cell carcinoma is described. Clinically, diagnostically, and pathologically this masqueraded as orbital myositis. It was not until a full thickness muscle biopsy was obtained that the diagnosis was realized. The need for deep biopsy is stressed. Discrete metastases to an extraocular muscle without other orbital soft tissue involvement is rarely reported. This is the first reported case from a small cell primary tumor. Metastatic orbital disease is discussed.
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PMID:Metastatic small cell carcinoma masquerading as orbital myositis. 628 79

The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor.
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PMID:New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations. 660 Jan 11

The first reported association of dermatomyositis with malignancy was by Stertz in 1916, who described a patient with proximal muscle weakness, eyelid changes, and evidence of myositis on muscle biopsy as well as a coexisting gastric carcinoma. In the same year, Kankeleit described a patient with dermatomyositis and breast cancer--the seeds of a controversy were thus sewn. We report a female patient with multiple cancer who developed dermatomyositis and review the relevant Japanese literature. Our patient suffered from metachronous bilateral breast cancer and thyroid cancer. She underwent curative resection of all 3 tumors. Our experience suggests that clinicians should perform extensive screening of dermatomyositis patients to salvage those with occult cancer, although the issue of cost effectiveness also has to be considered.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis and malignancy: case report and review of the Japanese literature. 869 12

The present study was designed to determine the subcellular localization of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (HEp-2 cells). Indirect immunofluorescence using commercial HEp-2 cells with human serum and human-affinity-purified anti-Jo-1 antibodies was performed using confocal microscopy. Anti-histidyl-tRNA-synthetase-positive sera showed distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic granular staining in HEp-2 cells. Affinity purified anti-Jo-1 produced an identical pattern to the whole serum, whereas the serum fraction that did not bind to the affinity column was negative by immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells. Two commercial human anti-Jo-1-positive control sera and seven anti-Jo-1-positive sera from patients with myositis reproduced the nuclear and cytoplasmic granular pattern. We conclude that Jo-1 is present in cytoplasm and in intact nuclei from HEp-2 cells. The presence of tRNA synthetases in intact nuclei suggests that they have an unsuspected function in the nucleus.
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PMID:Localization of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (HEp-2 cells). 892 51

Focal soft-tissue accumulation of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals has many causes but is usually less intense than skeletal activity. Extraskeletal new bone formation, as seen in myositis ossificans and extraskeletal osteosarcoma, represents an exception where markedly increased uptake can be seen. Technetium-99m-MDP uptake in primary breast carcinoma has been recently investigated using scintamammographic techniques to differentiate malignant from benign lesions. The mechanism of uptake remains unclear but is likely multifactorial and nonspecific. We present a case of primary breast carcinoma with florid 99mTc-MDP activity relative to normal bone. Tumor histopathology in this patient demonstrates malignant new bone formation as the likely mechanism for the marked radiotracer avidity.
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PMID:Intense uptake of technetium-99m-MDP in primary breast adenocarcinoma with sarcomatoid metaplasia. 909 96

The pessimism associated with the treatment of pancreatic cancer may result in inappropriate management in certain patients thought to have that disease. We analyzed the recent UCLA experience with a variety of periampullary tumors in which various issues concerning management were unusual. The records of nine patients (age 15-75 years) with pancreatic or periampullary tumors were reviewed retrospectively. The tumor was evident on CT scan in all patients. The diameter of the mass was greater than 5 cm in five cases. Eight of the tumors appeared to arise from the pancreas, but at exploration, two were found to originate from other structures (duodenum and retroperitoneum). One patient with an apparent gastric lesion on CT scan was found to have a mass of pancreatic origin at operation. Operative procedures included: pancreaticoduodenectomy (four), distal pancreatectomy (three), total pancreatectomy (one), and retroperitoneal tumor resection (one). Pathological diagnoses included: solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm (two), mucinous cystic neoplasm (two), serous microcystic adenoma (two), myositis ossificans (one), degenerative neurilemoma (one), spindle cell tumor (one), and intraductal papillary carcinoma (one). We conclude that patients with large or unusual-appearing pancreatic or periampullary tumors should be managed aggressively. Major resections can be done safely with the achievement of an excellent quality of life in individuals at the extremes of age. Unlike the usual pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the prognosis for many of these neoplasms is excellent.
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PMID:Management decisions for unusual periampullary tumors. 932 75

Myofasciitis syndrome encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis of the subcutaneous septa and muscular fascia. We report on a patient in whom myositis was diagnosed in the areas previously irradiated for papillary thyroid carcinoma and anal canal carcinoma respectively 21 and 3 years after radiotherapy. We are not able to explain why myopathy developed at the same time in two different sites at a different interval from the two radiotherapic schemes. We can suppose that the patient developed a subclinical regional myopathy after the first radiotherapic scheme. Radiation induced heritable mutations within surviving cells that were unable to tolerate the second damage by systemic chemotherapy. It is unclear how radiosensitization correlates with an ability to reactivate latent effects in normal tissue. Physicians using chemotherapic radiosensitizers should be aware of their potential to induce a delayed form of radiosensitization. We report this case to encourage physicians to be alert to the knowledge of the clinical, histologic and morphologic characteristics of radiation myositis in order to distinguish it from an infectious or immune fasciitis or myositis.
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PMID:Chemotherapy-induced radiation recall myositis. 1288 14

Urticarial vasculitis has rarely been described in association with polymyositis. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with dermatomyositis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma who presented initially with urticarial vasculitis. The lesions of urticarial vasculitis were initially photodistributed, indicating photosensitivity. The patient was treated with systemic steroids, chemotherapy (cisplatin and fluorouracil), and radiation therapy. The tumor and urticarial vasculitis completely resolved, and the myositis improved.
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PMID:Urticarial vasculitis and dermatomyositis in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 1465 82

Necrotizing myopathy without prominent inflammatory changes is increasingly being recognized as a form of inflammatory myopathy, different from dermatomyositis, polymyositis and sporadic inclusion-body myositis. We report a patient with a chronic steroid-responsive myopathy and an ill-defined overlap syndrome. The muscle biopsy showed thickened capillaries and arterioles and deposition of the membrane attack complex in the replicated mural elements of some vessels. The surface of all muscle fibers showed major histocompatibility class I immunoreactivity. Similar patients have rarely been reported, either suffering from an undifferentiated connective tissue disorder or a carcinoma. The link between the muscle fiber necrosis and the microangiopathy is unclear. Absence of prominent inflammatory changes in a diagnostic muscle biopsy does not exclude the diagnosis of a treatable autoimmune inflammatory myopathy.
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PMID:Necrotizing myopathy with microvascular deposition of the complement membrane attack complex. 1507 81

We report a case of dermatomyositis associated with prostatic carcinoma. A 69-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine with the chief complaint of general fatigue, appetite loss and facial anthema. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated swollen periaortic lymph nodes and the margin of prostate was unclear. Prostatic carcinoma was suspected based on digital rectal examination, so he was admitted to our department. Serum prostate specific antigen level was 190 ng/ml. He was examined by a dermatologist because of deterioration of anthema. Dermatomyocitis was demonstrated by dermatoses (edema erythema at face, neck and limbs, nail fold thrombosis and poikiloderma), high serum level of creatine phosphokinase and a decrease in muscular strength (especially at the proximal musculus). There was no interstitial pneumonitis or malignancy of the digestive system. On needle biopsy of the prostate and quadriceps femoris muscle, prostatic carcinoma (poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 5 + 5) and myositis were suspected. The stage of prostatic carcinoma was T4N1M1. The patient was treated by administration of diethylstilbestrol phosphate and prednisolone for prostatic carcinoma and dermatomyositis, respectively, but he died of multiple metastasis of the tumor 1 year and 5 months later. Dermatomyocitis is associated with malignancy more frequently than any other collagen disease. In Japan, it is frequently complicated by gastric, lung and mammory cancers, but rarely by prostatic carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of prostatic carcinoma associated with dermatomyocitis in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of dermatomyositis associated with prostatic carcinoma: a case report]. 1510 Nov 64


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