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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the past 12 years, many studies applying strict diagnostic criteria have been published that have attempted to settle the controversy about the reality of the association between dermatomyositis and malignancy. Although retrospective, recent studies have shown an increased incidence of malignancy among patients with dermatomyositis when compared with controls without myositis. In contrast, an increased frequency of malignancy in dermatomyositis as compared to polymyositis still has to be demonstrated. In most cases, malignant disease precedes or occurs concurrently with dermatomyositis and is discovered on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms, and routine screening laboratory tests. The types of neoplasms found in association with dermatomyositis parallel those observed in the general population. A possible link between dermatomyositis and an underlying malignancy remains largely hypothetical at a biologic level, although cellular immunity abnormalities may provide a direction for future investigations. Prospective epidemiologic studies using the case-control methods and cohort analysis remain necessary 1) to rigorously demonstrate the reality and to study the nature of the association between dermatomyositis and malignancy, and 2) to clarify the optimal screening strategies for malignant neoplasms in patients with dermatomyositis.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis and malignancy. 842 82

The authors report the main clinical and radiographic aspects of a circumscribed myositis ossificans in a 5 year old child located in the thoracic wall, near the sternum, stimulating a malignant tumor. CT scan was more contributive than MRI, both for diagnosis and survey, because it shows better the progressive peripheral calcification typical of the lesion.
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PMID:[Pseudo-tumoral circumscribed myositis ossificans of the thoracic wall. Contribution of ultrasonography, x-ray computed tomography and MRI]. 847 43

A patient fulfilling diagnostic criteria for definite polymyositis, but with normal levels of creatine kinase (CK) is reported. Review of the literature reveals significant variations regarding the frequencies of normal CK reported among cases with myositis. The discrepancies may be partly explained by inclusion of both probable and possible polymyositis, administration of steroid therapy prior to estimations of CK, and possible differences in CK levels between polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The patient reported did not suffer from neither lung disease nor concomitant malignancy. Thus, the alleged association between low levels of CK and poor prognosis in myositis could not be supported by the present case report.
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PMID:Adult idiopathic polymyositis without elevation of creatine kinase. Case report and review of the literature. 848 Jan 46

The first reported association of dermatomyositis with malignancy was by Stertz in 1916, who described a patient with proximal muscle weakness, eyelid changes, and evidence of myositis on muscle biopsy as well as a coexisting gastric carcinoma. In the same year, Kankeleit described a patient with dermatomyositis and breast cancer--the seeds of a controversy were thus sewn. We report a female patient with multiple cancer who developed dermatomyositis and review the relevant Japanese literature. Our patient suffered from metachronous bilateral breast cancer and thyroid cancer. She underwent curative resection of all 3 tumors. Our experience suggests that clinicians should perform extensive screening of dermatomyositis patients to salvage those with occult cancer, although the issue of cost effectiveness also has to be considered.
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PMID:Dermatomyositis and malignancy: case report and review of the Japanese literature. 869 12

Focal myositis is an uncommon inflammatory myopathy of unknown cause affecting skeletal muscle. It may be mistaken on clinical evaluation for a malignant neoplasm. We describe two cases, both involving the mylohyoid muscle of the floor of the mouth. In each case excisional biopsy of a firm indurated mass revealed a focal lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate associated with degenerating and regenerating skeletal muscle fibers. No clinical or biochemical evidence of generalized muscle disease was seen at presentation or at 1-year and 7-year follow-up examination. The literature on focal myositis involving the head and neck region is reviewed.
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PMID:Focal myositis of the floor of mouth: report of two cases and review of the literature. 873 4

The association of rheumatic syndromes and malignancy is highlighted in this review. The prevalence of malignancy in a series of patients with unclassified rheumatic syndromes is reported. The spectrum of arthropathies associated with malignancy includes bilateral knee effusions, sacroiliitis, and adult-onset Still's disease. There are further reports on the well-recognized association between dermatomyositis and malignancy. The importance of screening for malignancy in patients with classic dermatomyositis as well as dermatomyositis sine myositis is highlighted. The association of mixed cryoglobulinemia with hepatitis C virus infection, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is discussed. Finally, the association of miscellaneous rheumatic features such as autoantibodies, vasculitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with malignancy is described.
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PMID:Rheumatologic manifestations of malignancy. 911 Jan 38

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cytotoxic, causing inflammatory disease, including tissue necrosis, organ failure, atherosclerosis, infertility, birth defects, premature aging, mutations and malignancy. ROS are produced in the metabolism of drugs and industrial chemicals by (i) one-electron peroxidase oxidations to form cation radicals, (ii) cytochrome P450 metabolism to free radical products, (iii) stabilisation of the ROS-generator, CYP2E1, and (iv) futile cycling of other cytochromes P450. ROS production initiates inflammation which unless quenched may result in chronic inflammatory disease states, e.g. hepatitis, nephritis, myositis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, multiple system organ failure. Quenching of ROS is affected by the redox buffer, glutathione (GSH), and the antioxidants, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, retinoids, in conjunction with the redox enzymes, GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Many industrial workers with symptoms of systemic inflammation, resulting from exposure to toxic chemicals, are diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis, virus infections, or other microbial lesions, largely because many physicians are unaware that exposure to certain chemicals can initiate inflammatory disease states.
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PMID:Chemical toxicity and reactive oxygen species. 911 92

Management of myositis is complicated by the lack of a clear understanding of the disease and the lack of clear diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. These issues are of particular concern since there can be serious side-effects of first-line therapy and, in the case of dermatomyositis, an associated risk of cancer.
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PMID:Confounding factors in the management of myositis. 927 68

Proliferative myositis, a reactive lesion similar to proliferative fasciitis and nodular fasciitis, has only been cytogenetically described in one other report to date. This previously described case showed trisomy 2. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a proliferative myositis lesion in the present study did not reveal trisomy 2 but the following clonal translocation was observed: 46,XX,t(6;14)(q23;q32).
Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997 Oct 15
PMID:Chromosomal anomalies in a case of proliferative myositis. 933 81

Acute traumatic myositis ossifications is uncommon and usually occurs in adolescents and young adults after a significant direct blow to the affected muscle. It is extremely rare in infants, and we have been able to find only two other cases in the English literature. We present two cases of traumatic myositis ossificans in infants who, except for the use of diagnostic ultrasonography, would have been misdiagnosed as having osteomyelitis (Patient 1) and a possible malignancy (Patient 2).
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PMID:Traumatic myositis ossificans of the quadriceps in infants. 948 64


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