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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association of malignancy with dermatomyositis and polymyositis has been questioned. During the last 20 years (1956 to 1975), we have studied 58 cases of myositis that met predefined diagnostic criteria. These cases were analyzed for the frequency of malignancy, prognosis, and the value of a diagnostic test series for malignancy. A significantly greater frequency of malignancy was found with dermatomyositis than with polymyositis. The prognosis of dermatomyositis and polymyositis appears to be altered in the presence of malignancy. In the absence of malignancy, the prognosis is similar in the two forms of myositis. Lastly, the value of a screening laboratory and roentgenographic investigation for the presence of occult malignancy beyond a thorough history, physical examination, and the use of basic laboratory tests such as complete blood count, stool gualac test, urinalysis, multiphasic analysis, and chest roentgenogram was not documented by this study.
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PMID:The relationship of dermatomyositis and polymyositis to internal malignancy. 736 45

SJL mice spontaneously develop B cell lymphomas (historically described as reticulum cell sarcomas) by 12 months of age and inflammatory muscle disease (myositis) by 6 months of age. Tumors originate in mesenteric lymph nodes and in Peyer's patches and resemble human germinal center lymphomas. The growth of reticulum cell sarcomas is completely dependent on cytokine production by normal T cells. The spontaneous myositis, which resembles human idiopathic myositis, is characterized by various abnormalities in skeletal muscle, including infiltration with inflammatory cells consisting primarily of macrophages. The participation of different cytokines in the pathogenesis of the lymphoma and the massive invasion of macrophages into muscle tissues led us to investigate the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO.), which is known to be synthesized by activated macrophages under inflammatory conditions. Elevated NO. production, measured by urinary nitrate excretion, by SJL mice in comparison with BALB/c control mice was observed as early as 7 weeks of age. Both aging and degree of spontaneous myositis correlated with increased nitric oxide production. Oral administration of N-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), reduced urinary nitrate excretion and also the severity of myositis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of inducible NOS (iNOS) in cells in the spleen, lymph nodes, and skeletal muscle. The iNOS is primarily responsible for the enhanced nitric oxide production. Morphology of cells that stained positive for iNOS was similar to that of macrophages infiltrating into the affected tissues. Chronic production of elevated amounts of nitric oxide by the SJL mice, therefore, provides a useful in vivo model for future studies of cellular damage resulting from endogenously produced NO.in combination with oxygen radicals.
Cancer Res 1995 Oct 01
PMID:Nitric oxide production in relation to spontaneous B-cell lymphoma and myositis in SJL mice. 754 39

Studies were performed to ascertain the effects of transplantation of thymic cells exposed in vivo to 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) on the induction of malignancies in Copenhagen rats. Three recipient rats unexpectedly developed tumors which bore histological resemblance to myositis ossificans of humans. Specifically, histology revealed areas of peripheral ossification with the appearance of zones of primitive osteoid with a central cellular area. Other areas of the lesions were less well organized into characteristic zones or were more or less heterogeneous. The primary, as well as recurring, lesions appeared in the axilla and were well circumscribed, 24-68 g in weight and 2-7 cm in diameter. Flow cytometric analyses of DNA content indicated that these tumors contained cells with abnormal DNA characteristics as well as proliferating cells. Coupled with the observation that after excision these tumors recurred, the data suggest that these myositis ossificans lesions were malignancies.
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PMID:Induction of recurring myositis ossificans by intrathymic injection of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated cells in rats. 760 Dec 69

In nearly 60% of men over 50 years of age, dermato-/polymyositis is induced by malignancies. Till now, 9 patients with melanoma-induced dermatomyositis have been reported in the literature. Here we report on a patient suffering from classic pelvic and pectoral girdle proximal weakness, typical heliotrope rash, increased serum CPK values, and biopsy-proven myositis, who died from metastasizing melanoma one year later.
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PMID:[Dermatomyositis as a complication of a metastatic melanoma-- case report and review of the literature]. 769 9

Soft tissue malignancies are uncommon in adults and even rarer in children. Twelve children presented to the radiology department over a three-year period with a clinical diagnosis of a malignant lower limb mass. This diagnosis was usually based on the presence of a firm, painless mass. However, imaging revealed a heterogeneous group of benign pathologies: haemangioma (two cases), haematoma (two cases), aneurysm (two cases), and one case each of infection, myositis ossificans, Baker's cyst, lipoma, muscle rupture, and venous malformation. During the same period there was only one malignant soft tissue neoplasm. A variety of imaging techniques were used but ultrasound combined with colour flow Doppler was the single most helpful modality. The radiological diagnosis were confirmed by biopsy, surgery or clinical follow-up.
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PMID:The painless soft tissue mass in childhood--tumour or not? 770 84

This paper reports nine patients with the classic cutaneous findings of dermatomyositis who did not develop clinical or laboratory evidence of muscle disease for at least 2 years after onset of their skin manifestations. Such patients represent 3.5% of our total experience with dermatomyositis patients during a 12 years period. None of the patients had evidence of malignancy. Each of five patients treated with oral prednisone for their cutaneous lesion or mild myositis after onset of their skin manifestations 3-12 years and had marked improvement. The author emphasizes that the cutaneous manifestations of dermatomyositis are pathognomonic of this disease and the term of this disease proposes cutaneous type dermatomyositis better than amyopathic dermatomyositis.
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PMID:[A clinical analysis of cutaneous type dermatomyositis]. 772 Jan 34

We have described the pre- and postgadolinium MR appearance in one case of acute myositis ossificans. The unenhanced sequences can be helpful in excluding malignancy, particularly when viewed serially. While use of gadolinium allowed primary sarcoma to be ruled out in this case, it was not useful in the exclusion of early abscess formation or necrotic metastasis.
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PMID:Acute myositis ossificans. 774 81

A case of proliferative myositis (PM) diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is described. A 72-year-old, white male presented with a 3.0-cm, firm, nontender mass involving the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. FNAB showed loose clusters of uniform, fibroblastlike spindle cells and admixed large, ganglion cell-like cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasm. The cytologic appearance of PM is characteristic, allowing exclusion of malignancy; reliable FNAB diagnosis when supported by clinical findings; and avoidance of unnecessary, radical surgery.
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PMID:Aspiration cytology of proliferative myositis. A case report. 776 47

Myopathies produced by drugs are of vital concern and often confused with other more frequently diagnosed causes, such as the inflammatory myopathies of polymyositis/dermatomyositis and myositis secondary to toxic agents, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities, genetic predisposition, malignancies, and infections, particularly viruses. The drug-induced causes of myopathy warrant special emphasis because they are often overlooked, resulting in misdiagnosis and improper care.
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PMID:Drug-related myopathies. 785 22

Although our understanding of the inflammatory myopathies is still evolving, it is becoming increasingly clear that these syndromes are composed of many separate and distinct disorders with widely divergent clinical signs, symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, and prognoses. Their classification remains controversial, but three approaches of dividing the myositis syndromes appear useful in helping to group disorders with similar features together. The three approaches divide these syndromes on the basis of clinical and histopathologic findings, by serology, and by exposures to known environmental agents. Studies of the prognosis of these disorders are limited by the rarity and heterogeneity of the myositis syndromes. Taken together, however, they suggest that a variety of demographic, clinical, and serologic features are associated with a poor outcome. These include older age at myositis onset, severe myositis, delay to diagnosis and therapy, significant cardiac, pulmonary or gastrointestinal involvement, and the presence of cancer, inclusion body myositis, or antisynthetase or anti-SRP auto-antibodies. It is hoped that our understanding of the classification and prognosis of the inflammatory myopathies will become more complete as we perceive more fully the interrelationships between the genetic and environmental risk factors necessary for the induction of myositis and develop more rational ways of dividing and treating these increasingly recognized syndromes.
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PMID:Classification and prognosis of inflammatory muscle disease. 785 23


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