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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case report of myopic myositis, a rare entity, leading to strabismus fixus convergens, occurring in a high myope at the age of 46 years is presented. The possible differential diagnosis along with the aetiopathogenesis is discussed.
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PMID:Myopic strabismus fixus convergens. 280 97

A 14-year-old girl presented with progressive vertical strabismus simulating superior oblique muscle palsy. However, because of the presence of limitation of infraduction, computed tomography was done; it showed a large mass in the region of the right inferior oblique muscle. A biopsy specimen of the enlarged muscle showed mainly degenerative and some regenerative changes. The diagnosis was orbital myositis, which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of strabismus, especially if the clinical findings are atypical of strabismus.
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PMID:Inferior oblique myositis presenting as superior oblique muscle palsy. 337 May 28

We report on 5 consecutive patients seen at the botulinum toxin clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital with an ocular motility disorder secondary to orbital myositis. CT scans demonstrated involvement of one or both of the medial recti in the inflammatory process in all 5 patients. In addition 1 patient had involvement of both the lateral recti and the right superior rectus. Two patients had been treated with oral steroids, 3 with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and 1 with orbital radiotherapy. Prior to toxin injection 3 patients had an esotropia (ranging from 4 delta to 30 delta) and two an exotropia (52 delta and 85 delta). A vertical imbalance was present in 3, and all 5 patients had symptomatic diplopia. A total of six injections were given to 5 patients, 2 of whom later went on to have surgery. Toxin injection reduced the angle of the deviation to less than 10 delta in 4 patients, all of whom are now asymptomatic. The fifth patient has persistent diplopia despite two operations to correct a large exotropia. We discuss the role of botulinum toxin and surgery in the management of strabismus due to orbital myositis.
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PMID:Management of strabismus due to orbital myositis. 854 72

Ten cases of uni- or bilateral restrictive ventromedial strabismus in young dogs of different breeds are reported. Clinically, abnormalities were restricted to the extraocular muscles with sparing of the masticatory muscles and limb muscles. This was supported in some cases by imaging studies, electrophysiology, and immunocytochemical assay for antibodies against type 2M fibers. Histologically, there was variable lymphocytic plasmacytic mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis. This disorder is similar in many aspects to chronic masticatory myositis with focal myositis and subsequent fibrosis. Surgical correction may restore eye position and vision.
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PMID:Extraocular muscle myositis and restrictive strabismus in 10 dogs. 1139 78

The authors present three cases of severely restricted motility and large angle strabismus acquired rapidly during the first months of life in otherwise normal children who had normal eye alignment and movements at birth. Surgical treatment of these cases is difficult and outcomes are variable. Myositis causing extraocular muscles fibrosis is a possible cause of the strabismus in these cases.
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PMID:Progressive restrictive strabismus acquired in infancy. 1602 49

Acute extraocular muscle restriction in children is a rare condition; orbital myositis is the most common cause. Most neuropathic or myopathic causes of strabismus present as an incomitant deviation. We report a case of orbital cellulitis preceding acute comitant esotropia in a patient showing no evidence of myositis or neurologic pathology.
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PMID:Acute acquired comitant esotropia after orbital cellulitis. 1718 56

Fibrosis of the extraocular muscles can be congenital or acquired. Acquired causes include trauma, myositis, thyroid eye disease, infection, and metastases. Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) runs in families and is known to have a genetic basis. It has been classified by Brown, Hansen, and Harley et al into the five following types: general fibrosis syndrome; fibrosis of the inferior rectus (IR) with blepharoptosis; strabismus fixus; vertical retraction syndrome; and unilateral fibrosis, blepharoptosis, and enophthalmos syndrome. In this report, a case of unilateral fibrosis with enophthalmos and blepharoptosis due to a fibrous band is described.
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PMID:Unilateral restrictive ophthalmoplegia and enophthalmos associated with an intraorbital tissue band. 1772 May 74

Inflammatory orbital complications of strabismus surgery are a rare occurrence. They include cellulitis, subconjunctival and sub-Tenon's abscesses, myositis, and endophthalmitis. The incidence of periocular infection is assumed to be one case per 1,100 surgeries. In this report, we describe a case of sub-Tenon's abscess after strabismus surgery.
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PMID:Sub-Tenon's space abscess after strabismus surgery. 1915 34

Diplopia is a frequent neuro-ophthalmologic symptom with diverse etiologies. This article describes elementary diagnostic tests and frequent causes of diplopia. Monocular diplopia persists when the other eye is closed and usually disappears when the patient looks through a pinhole. It is usually caused by errors in the optical media of the eye and has to be differentiated from spectacle-induced side effect and non-organic disorders. A sign of non-organic etiology is absence of change in image position when the head is tilted. Binocular diplopia disappears regardless of which eye is closed. Binocular diplopia occurs when the images of both eyes cannot be fused. The most frequent direct cause of diplopia is acquired strabismus. Knowledge of several specific types of strabismus enables efficient patient management. Congenital and decompensating strabismus like accommodative esotropia, pathophoria, strabismus surso- and deorsoadductorius, retraction syndrome, Brown's syndrome and esotropia in high myopia only need ophthalmologic treatment. Orbital injury, orbital tumor, ocular myositis, Graves orbitopathy and vascular disease usually require multidisciplinary management. Neurogenic paresis, superior oblique myokymia, ocular neuromyotonia, myasthenia, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) and skew deviation require specific neurologic examination. Treatment of diplopia includes treatment of the fundamental disorder, monocular occlusion, prisms and strabismus surgery.
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PMID:How to deal with diplopia. 2298 79

Infectious orbital complications after strabismus surgery are rare. Their incidence is estimated to be 1 case per 1,100 surgeries and include preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, subconjunctival and sub-Tenon's abscesses, myositis, and endophthalmitis. This report describes the case of an otherwise healthy 3-year-old boy who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession and disinsertion of the inferior obliques. A few days after surgery, the patient presented with bilateral periorbital edema and inferotemporal chemosis. A series of CT scans with contrast revealed inferotemporal orbital collections OU. The patient immediately underwent transconjunctival drainage of fibrinous and seropurulent collections in the sub-Tenon's space and experienced rapid improvement a few days later. The patient is reported to be in stable condition in a follow-up examination performed more than a year after the reported events.
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PMID:Bilateral Orbital Abscesses After Strabismus Surgery. 2489 71


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