Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrically kindled rats exhibit myoclonic jerks (1-25/min for 30-90 min) when injected with 200 mg/kg i.p. cysteamine. L-Baclofen, 10 mg/kg i.p. injected 45 min prior was not anticonvulsant but rather exacerbated the myoclonus. Furthermore, baclofen itself induced myoclonus in 29% of kindled rats at 10 mg/kg and in 100% of kindled rats at 15 mg/kg. These findings suggest that caution should be exercised before proposing the use of baclofen as an anticonvulsant or indeed using baclofen in patients who are predisposed to seizures.
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PMID:Baclofen exacerbates epileptic myoclonus in kindled rats. 311 Jun 44

GABAergic agents have been evaluated for acute anticonvulsant activity in baboons, Papio papio with photosensitive epilepsy. The potent GABAA agonists muscimol and THIP are proconvulsant. (-)Baclofen, 2 mg/kg suppresses myoclonic responses; higher doses facilitate EEG paroxysmal activity. (S) gamma-vinyl GABA, 100-200 mg/kg, suppresses myoclonic responses for more than 24 h. Some derivatives of esters of beta-carboline-3-carboxylate that bind to the benzodiazepine receptor, e.g. ZK 91296 and ZK 93423, suppress myoclonus with a potency at least as great as diazepam.
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PMID:GABAergic agents as anticonvulsants in baboons with photosensitive epilepsy. 608 55

Five patients with nocturnal myoclonus (periodic leg movements during sleep), mean age 59.6 years, were monitored polygraphically for fifteen successive nights. Using a double-blind drug study design with placebo at baseline, we investigated the effect of baclofen on these patients. All patients had the repetitive sleep-related abnormal movements during both the baseline nights and those on which baclofen had been administered. The number of movements varied during the four baseline nights, but the movements induced sleep fragmentation, i.e., very short electroencephalographic changes. Baclofen increased the number of movements but decreased their amplitude during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and shortened the interval between movements. Its effect on sleep was dose related: as dosages increased, delta sleep progressively increased and REM sleep decreased. Sleep fragmentation resulting from muscle twitches decreased, as indicated by the diminution in alpha electroencephalographic arousals and K complexes. Baclofen dosages of 20 mg and 40 mg were the most efficacious.
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PMID:Effect of baclofen on sleep-related periodic leg movements. 672 46

The very rare case of palatal myoclonus manifesting in objective tinnitus was discussed. Options of surgical and pharmacological treatment were analysed with particular emphasis of therapeutic success with application of muscle-relaxant--Baclofen.
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PMID:[A case of objective tinnitus caused by palatal myoclonus]. 1135 86

Baclofen is an oral derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) used to treat muscular spasticity from disorders of the central nervous system. However, it is also being used for a variety of other conditions such as musculoskeletal pain, myoclonus, and alcohol withdrawal. The elimination of baclofen is heavily dependent on intact renal function, and the contraindication for use in patients with insufficient renal function is not well recognized by healthcare providers. Here, the authors report a series of mild to severe cases of baclofen intoxication in patients with end-stage renal disease. In all cases, baclofen was initiated by either inpatient or outpatient healthcare providers and the patients generally presented with altered mentation, somnolence, and/or respiratory depression. All patients were treated with aggressive hemodialysis and made a full recovery. This paper will briefly review the literature regarding baclofen intoxication, safety of baclofen use in renal disease, and efficacy of extracorporeal therapy in the treatment of baclofen intoxication.
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PMID:Iatrogenic Baclofen Neurotoxicity in ESRD: Recognition and Management. 2609 60