Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antimyoclonic property of the novel antiepileptic drug, gabapentin (1-(aminomethyl) cyclohexane acetic acid), was tested in cardiac arrest-and p,p'-DDT(1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane)-induced animal models of myoclonus. Gabapentin dose-dependently attenuated myoclonus in posthypoxic rats for more than 3 h. The drug was also found to be effective in controlling the early stages of seizures following the anoxic insult. In contrast, the drug was ineffective in controlling either myoclonus or seizures in p,p'-DDT-treated animals. These results suggest that gabapentin can be used used as an effective therapeutic agent in an acute hypoxia/ischemia-induced neurological disorder. The data further indicate that distinct neurological mechanisms may be operating in the expression of myoclonus among posthypoxic and p,p'-DDT-induced animal models.
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PMID:Antimyoclonic effect of gabapentin in a posthypoxic animal model of myoclonus. 866 53

Chronic opioid medication has been found to cause myoclonus in patients taking it for cancer pain. Gabapentin seemed a likely candidate for the treatment of this myoclonus and has indeed proved useful, as illustrated in this paper by two case histories.
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PMID:Gabapentin for opiod-related myoclonus in cancer patients. 1140 Nov 5

The choice of an antiepileptic drug depends firstly on its efficacy in specific seizure types and epilepsies. However, it is imperative to consider whether possible adverse events will outweigh any benefits. The advantages and disadvantages of vigabatrin, lamotrigine, gabapentin, topiramate, tiagabine and felbamate are considered in some detail, and oxcarbazepine, stiripentol, remacemide, zonisamide and levetiracetam more briefly. Vigabatrin is effective for partial seizures and infantile spasms, but visual field defects are limiting its use. Lamotrigine has a wide spectrum, needs to be prescribed with care. Gabapentin is unlikely to cause adverse effects, but has relatively poor efficacy. Topiramate is widely effective, but can be poorly tolerated. Tiagabine is relatively untried in childhood epilepsies. The use of felbamate is restricted to severe refractory epilepsies. Stiripentol can be effective in severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Zonisamide has a special place in the progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Levetiracetam, remacemide and oxcarbazepine have been used mainly for partial seizures: further studies of their roles in other circumstances are required.
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PMID:Newer antiepileptic drugs: advantages and disadvantages. 1150 96

The present study was performed to evaluate convulsions after food intake in fasted rats pretreated with scopolamine or atropine and to determine whether these convulsions respond to drugs found effective in fasted mice. Scopolamine (2.4 mg/kg) and atropine (2.4 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to rats fasted for 52h. Both drugs induced convulsions after animals were allowed to eat ad lib. Another group of fasted rats pretreated with saline, MK-801 (0.1mg/kg), clonidine (0.1mg/kg), chlorpromazine (2 and 4 mg/kg), valproate (200mg/kg), diazepam (1.5 and 2mg/kg) or gabapentin (50mg/kg) were treated i.p. with saline or scopolamine (2.4 mg/kg) and were allowed to eat ad lib. Clonidine, MK-801, chlorpromazine (4 mg/kg) and diazepam (2 mg/kg) reduced the incidence of scopolamine-induced convulsions in fasted rats. Gabapentin could only prolong the onset of convulsions. Neither treatment was effective against myoclonus of hindlimbs. Present results showed that fasted rats also develop antimuscarinic-induced convulsions which do not completely respond to treatments found effective in convulsions of fasted mice.
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PMID:The evaluation of antimuscarinic-induced convulsions in fasted rats after food intake. 1696 89

Gabapentin, an AED approved for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures with/without secondary generalization and for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia, is frequently used off-label for the treatment of both psychiatric and pain disorders. Since gabapentin is cleared solely by renal excretion, dosing requires consideration of the patient's renal function. Myoclonic activity may occur as a complication of gabapentin toxicity, especially with acute kidney injury or end-stage renal disease. We report 2 cases of myoclonic activity associated with gabapentin toxicity in the setting of renal disease which resolved with discontinuation of gabapentin and treatment with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. As gabapentin has multiple indications and off-label uses, an understanding of myoclonus, neurotoxicity, and renal dosing is important to clinicians in multiple specialties.
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PMID:Myoclonus in renal failure: Two cases of gabapentin toxicity. 2566 56

Gabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) are FDA approved for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures and for treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. Both drugs are primarily eliminated by renal excretion. However, PGB or GBP induced myoclonus has only been reported infrequently in case reports/series. It is not discussed with patients and its sudden occurrence can lead to anxiety because of "seizure-like" nature. In addition, first-contact physicians might treat it as seizures, leading to unnecessary tests and aggressive management. Medical records of patients who had myoclonus because of PGB or GBP seen by Neurology service between Jan & May 2017 in inpatient or outpatient setting at our tertiary care setting were reviewed. We identified six patients who were on either GBP or PGB or both who developed likely subcortical myoclonus in the setting of renal insufficiency and one patient who developed myoclonus independent of renal dysfunction. Our results indicate that myoclonus is commonly seen in patients in various clinical settings with or without renal insufficiency, and is independent of the severity of the renal failure. However, this is a reversible side effect of medication and it resolves either by discontinuing the medication, removing the medication with hemodialysis or by improvement of renal dysfunction. With a high index of suspicion, aggressive testing and treatment for other possible conditions like seizures (in non-epilepsy patients) or CNS infections can be avoided. In patients with renal failure and with decreased physiological renal clearance such as the elderly, GBP or PGB dose initiation and changes should be conservative.
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PMID:Gabapentin or pregabalin induced myoclonus: A case series and literature review. 3038 Nov 61