Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute cerebellitis can occur in association with varicella-zoster virus, enterovirus, mumps, mycoplasma, and other infective organisms. Acute cerebellitis is a rare complication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We report the case of a 21-year-old woman with a 12-day history of nausea and vomiting, gait and limbs ataxia, myoclonus, tremor of head and all four limbs, opsoclonus and cutaneous rash. Anti-EBV IgG and IgM antibodies against antiviral capsid were positive and anti-EBV against virus-associated nuclear antigen was also positive. EBV infection in association with neurological findings can occur without the classic signs and symptoms of infectious mononucleosis.
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PMID:[Acute cerebellitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus: case report]. 1158 48

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) secondary to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has only been described in three pediatric patients. Previous reports suggested that evidence for a recent EBV infection in the absence of an occult neoplasm would predict a favorable prognosis for OMA as well as no tumor development. We present the case of a 20-month-old child with OMA associated with a microbiologically documented acute EBV infection and an occult thoracic ganglioneuroblastoma diagnosed 5 months later.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus related opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia does not rule out the presence of occult neuroblastic tumors. 1620 May 67

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a rare neurological disorder, characterized by a rapid onset of generalized myoclonus in association with chaotic multi-directional eye movements and, less frequently, cerebellar ataxia. OMA is commonly related to a paraneoplastic process, specifically neuroblastoma in children and lung or breast cancer in adults. Nevertheless, OMA may occur in association with various infectious agents, such as Coxsackie virus B3, Epstein-Barr virus, mumps, enterovirus, and streptococcus. We recently encountered two cases of HIV-related OMA syndrome. The first patient developed a sudden onset of OMA at the time of HIV seroconversion. The second patient experienced severe ataxia with a mild degree of myoclonus and opsoclonus, associated with an elevated CD4 count following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We suggest that OMA syndrome may be another rare manifestation of HIV infection at the time of seroconversion or during an immune restoration period.
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PMID:HIV-related opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: report on two cases. 2042 23

Mutations of the intrinsic lysosomal membrane protein SCARB2 cause action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome (AMRF syndrome), a rare disease characterized by renal and neurological manifestations. In this study, examination of Cos7 cells transfected with SCARB2 cDNA derived from two patients with AMRF syndrome showed that the resultant protein was truncated and was not incorporated into vesicular structures, as occurred with full-length SCARB2 cDNA. Mutant SCARB2 protein failed to colocalize with lysosomes and was found in the endoplasmic reticulum or the cytosol indicating a loss of function. Cultured skin fibroblast and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCLs) were created from these two patients. Despite the loss of SCARB2 function, studies with lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1 and LAMP2 demonstrated normal lysosomal numbers in fibroblasts and LCLs. Immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-LAMP1 and anti-LAMP2 antibodies also showed normal lysosomal structures in fibroblasts. There was no change in the morphology of fibroblasts examined by electron microscopy compared with cells from unaffected individuals. By contrast, LCLs from individuals bearing SCARB2 mutations had large intracellular vesicles that resembled autophagosomes and contained heterogeneous cellular debris. Some of the autophagosomes were seen to be extruding cellular contents into the media. Furthermore, LCLs had elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II, consistent with increased autophagy. These data demonstrate that SCARB2 mutations are associated with an inability to process autophagosomes in B lymphocytes, suggesting a novel function for SCARB2 in immune function.
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PMID:Abnormal Processing of Autophagosomes in Transformed B Lymphocytes from SCARB2-Deficient Subjects. 2351 16

Among the many potential etiologies for rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), primary central nervous system extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type (ENKL) is a rare entity. We present the first reported case of autopsy-proven RPD due to ENKL without any mass or enhancing lesion of the brain. A 54-year-old immunocompetent man presented with RPD, myoclonus and ataxia. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score was 22/30. His brain MRI revealed progressive brain atrophy without gadolinium enhancement or mass lesion. Five months after the initial evaluation, cognitive impairment further worsened with an MMSE score of 3/30. At the advanced stage, lumbar MRI showed swollen cauda equina with gadolinium enhancement. The number of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid had gradually increased. Twelve months after onset, the patient died of respiratory failure. Pathological findings revealed that lymphoma cells had diffusely invaded the meninges, parenchyma of the brain, spinal cord and cauda equina. Cells were positive for CD3, CD56 and EBV-encoded small RNAs and negative for CD20. No evidence of malignancy was identified in the visceral organs. This report indicates that ENKL should be recognized as one of the rare causes of RPD. Early testing for EBV-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid and imaging of cauda equina would be useful diagnostic tools.
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PMID:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, manifesting as rapidly progressive dementia without any mass or enhancing brain lesion. 2677 24