Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An inability to sleep or sleep prematurely ended or interrupted by periods of wakefulness (insomnia) are some of the most frequent complaints heard from patients. Insomnia can be situationally related or persistent in nature. Persistent insomnia may be associated with biological rhythm disturbances, drug dependency, psychophysiologic abnormalities, psychiatric disturbance, sleep apnea syndrome or nocturnal myoclonus. This article describes these pathologies, gives clues toward differential diagnosis, suggests patient subgroups that would benefit from referral for specialized evaluation at a sleep disorder center and describes current treatment options.
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PMID:Sleep disorders: insomnias. 404 25

A 42-year-old patient is reported who presented with marked daytime sleepiness and in whom the only major nocturnal polysomnographic abnormality was intense fragmentary (partial) myoclonus occurring with equal frequency in all stages of NREM sleep associated with some degree of sleep fragmentation. The myoclonus was very brief (less than 150 msec duration), aperiodic and recurred in asynchronous and asymmetrical fashion over the legs, arms and face. It appears unrelated to the clinically similar physiological myoclonus of REM sleep. Other main sleep disorders such as periodic movements, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea and narcolepsy-cataplexy were excluded by history and polysomnography.
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PMID:Fragmentary pathological myoclonus in NREM sleep. 620 Feb 93

We describe a new syndrome, Rheumatic Pain Modulation Disorder (RPMD) ("fibrositis syndrome") with sleep-related myoclonus (involuntary periodic leg movements). Measures of sleepiness, fatigue and pain, before and after sleep, and aspects of sleep of nine subjects (Ss) with RPMD and sleep-related myoclonus were compared to nine subjects with excessive daytime somnolence and sleep-related myoclonus. In eight of the RPMD with sleep-related myoclonus and three of those with daytime sleepiness, an alpha (7.5-11 Hz) EEG Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep disorder was demonstrated. The RPMD with sleep-related myoclonus group contained a greater number of women, more pain, morning fatigue, and disturbances in sleep (more stage changes and alpha EEG sleep prior to leg myoclonus); but in comparison to the sleep-related myoclonus, daytime somnolent group, there were no differences in evening and morning sleepiness, number of limb movements, movement arousals, awakenings after sleep onset, sleep duration, and percent sleep stages.
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PMID:Sleep-related myoclonus in rheumatic pain modulation disorder (fibrositis syndrome) and in excessive daytime somnolence. 658 52

This report represents the polysomnographic aspects of sleep and the psychological characteristics of a large series of patients with insomnia classified according to the diagnostic system of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. The findings for patients in the various diagnostic categories were compared to those of symptomatic patients with no objective findings. 9 specific diagnoses were made, but 4 diagnoses accounted for the majority of patients. The 4 most prevalent were psychophysiological disorders (15%), psychiatric disorders (17%), nocturnal myoclonus and restless legs (18%), and no objective findings (19%). Patients of a sleep disorders center are a select population and may not be representative of the general population of patients with insomnia complaints. The psychological characteristics of the different diagnostic groups were assessed by computing the number of elevations on the MMPI. Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis exhibited the highest number of MMPI elevations, as might be expected. Patients with nocturnal myoclonus had the lowest number of elevations. The other groups did not significantly differ from the group with no objective findings. Polysomnographic measures of sleep differed considerably among the diagnostic groups. The groups with medical disorders, respiratory impairment, atypical polysomnographic features, and nocturnal myoclonus had similar short sleep latencies to those of the group with no objective findings. With longer wake times before sleep and significantly different from patients with no objective findings were the psychophysiological disorder, psychiatric disorder and drug and alcohol groups. Patients with a circadian rhythm disturbance had the longest latencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Polysomnographic and MMPI characteristics of patients with insomnia. 659 Nov 72

Disturbed nocturnal sleep is considered a symptom of narcolepsy. Polysomnographic recordings of 57 consecutive narcoleptic patients were reviewed for evidence of disturbed sleep. When disrupted sleep was present, it was attributable to recognized sleep disorders: nocturnal myoclonus and sleep apnea. Comparison of standard polysomnographically derived parameters of patients who had narcolepsy without sleep apnea or nocturnal myoclonus with those of a normal control group, showed no evidence of disturbed sleep in the patient population. The narcoleptics that also had nocturnal myoclonus or upper airway sleep apnea did have disturbed sleep in comparison with the normals. Our data suggest disturbed sleep tends to develop in narcolpetic patients with age, but is not an inherent element of the narcolepsy syndrome.
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PMID:Narcolepsy and disturbed nocturnal sleep. 661 86

Patients should be aware of alterations in sleep with age, and they should not have unrealistic expectations. Drinking or taking sleeping pills is not likely to be a long-term solution to a sleep problem. Chronic difficulty in sleeping raises the possibility of sleep apnea, nocturnal myoclonus or depression, all of which commonly appear after 40. In the absence of these and other, less common disorders, sleep can often be improved by exercise, regular habits and removal of any disturbing elements from the bedroom.
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PMID:Sleep after forty. 669 39

The specific sleep disorders of 97 patients 61-81 years old were compared with those of 264 middle-aged (41-60 years old) and 202 young (20-40 years old) patients. Sleep disorder diagnoses were made according to the Diagnostic Classification of the Association of Sleep Disorders Centers based on evaluations consisting of mental and physical examinations and all-night sleep recordings. Most young and middle-aged patients complained of excessive daytime sleepiness; the elderly complained of insomnia as often as excessive daytime sleepiness. The evaluations revealed objective findings in 93 per cent of the elderly, but only 77 per cent of younger patients. Nocturnal myoclonus or restless leg syndrome was the diagnosed cause of 23 per cent of elderly patients' sleep-wake problems, but only 11 per cent of middle-aged and 4 per cent of young patients had this problem. Respiratory disorders of sleep were found in 27 per cent of elderly, 35 per cent of middle-aged, and 20 per cent of young patients. Elderly patients (6 per cent) had psychiatric disorders diagnosed as the causes for their problems less frequently than did younger patients (22 per cent).
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PMID:Age-related sleep-wake disorders at a sleep disorder center. 685 47

The advances in research on sleep an biological rhythms have recently been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. A new clinical specialty has developed with the establishment of sleep disorder centers and a diagnostic classification of sleep and arousal disorders. This new nosological approach has evolved from an extensive base of new scientific information concerning descriptive polygraphic and analysis of clinical case series. Four major categories have been defined: (a) disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (insomnias), (b) disorders of excessive somnolence, (c) disorders of the sleep-wake schedule, and (d) dysfunctions associated with sleep. Within this comprehensive classification certain major pathophysiological advances are described for the "insomnias." These include polysomnographic identification of altered sleep stage patterns in the major effective illnesses, insomnias related to hypnotic drugs and alcohol, sleep disturbances associated with sleep-induced respiratory impairment, and sleep-related periodic movements during sleep (nocturnal myoclonus). Excessive daytime somnolence is primarily associated with the hypersomnia sleep-apnea syndrome and with narcolepsy. The relationship between biological rhythms (chronobiology) and disorders of the human sleep-wake schedules is very actively investigated. The recognition that sleep length, internal organization, and timing within neurophysiological circadian time-keeping systems has lead to better diagnosis of these sleep-wake disorders and new chronotherapeutic regimens. Finally, increasing identification and description of "parasomnias," i.e. dysfunctions associated with sleep, has led sleep research into important new areas that are of general physiological interest. It is now clear that sleep disorders medicine has become a new scientific and clinical discipline in its own right.
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PMID:Sleep and its disorders. 701 38

The Sleep Disorders Clinic at the San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center provides a diagnostic service within a public hospital. Case records of the first 117 patients receiving polysomnograms in our clinic were reviewed. Of these patients, 44 percent were found to have sleep apnea, 24 percent nocturnal myoclonus and 8 percent narcolepsy. Our experience shows that in a health maintenance organization, a sleep disorders clinic provides diagnostic information (based on a polysomnogram and a sleep history) which is very helpful in the final diagnosis of medical disorders. Very few recordings were noncontributory. In this setting, a sleep disorders clinic is justified by its rich diagnostic yield.
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PMID:Benefits of a sleep disorders clinic in a Veterans Administration Medical Center. 725 75

A major problem with studying the prevalence of sleep disorders is the high cost. We tested a portable home recording system which can decrease the cost of screening sleep recordings. Twenty-four senior volunteers and 12 patients referred to our sleep disorders clinic were studied for two nights. On one night, recordings were done in the laboratory with a traditional polysomnogram and the portable home recorder. On another night, portable home recorders were used in the subjects' homes. Of 36 subjects, 42% had sleep apnea and 39% had nocturnal myoclonus. Intermethod correlations were highly significant for sleep apnea index, nocturnal myoclonus index, total sleep period (TSP), total sleep time (TST), and wake time after sleep onset (WASO). The portable home recorder detected sleep apnea on 100% of nights during which sleep apnea was diagnosed by polysomnogram. The labor-saving and cost-saving benefits of home recordings as well as the increased comfort, privacy, and convenience will make the portable home recording the preferred method for many research and clinical applications.
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PMID:Comparisons of home sleep recordings and polysomnograms in older adults with sleep disorders. 730 59


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