Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This clinical study of 62 patients with restless legs syndrome and associated anxious-depressed and other clinical states seems to indicate that caffeine is the major etiological factor in the causation of the restless legs syndrome. Anxiety, while modifying the subjective experience of the dysphoric sensation of restless legs, is not a causative factor. Caffeine is responsible for the increased nervous system arousal as well as for the direct peripheral contractile effect on the striated muscle. This arousal is often reflected psychologically in anxiety and sometimes depressive manifestations, insomnia, heightened proprioceptive awareness and physiologically in the toxic sensory experience of restless legs associated with increased neuromuscular reactivity which may include myoclonus and myokomia.
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PMID:Restless legs, anxiety and caffeinism. 69 85

Eighteen members of a family were affected over a span of five generations with the restless legs syndrome, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Ten patients had myoclonus. The propositus, a 57-year-old man, suffered from repeated, intense, asymmetric flexion jerks of the lower extremities, alternating with fidgeting and friction movements of the legs; all occurred at night prior to sleep and severely interfering with it. The patient's movements ceased with the onset of stage 1 sleep, while in his brother, the motor activity persisted in stages 1 and 2 of sleep.
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PMID:Myoclonus in familial restless legs syndrome. 126 23

Animal data indicate that serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behavior, addictive behavior, temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behavior. Moreover, there is evidence that abnormalities of 5-HT functions are related to the pathophysiology of diverse neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, dystonia, Huntington's disease, familial tremor, restless legs syndrome, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and dementia. The psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, mania, depression, aggressive and self-injurious behavior, obsessive compulsive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, hypersexuality, anxiety disorders, bulimia, childhood hyperactivity, and behavioral disorders in geriatric patients have been linked to impaired central 5-HT functions. Tryptophan, the natural amino acid precursor in 5-HT biosynthesis, increases 5-HT synthesis in the brain and, therefore, may stimulate 5-HT release and function. Since it is a natural constituent of the diet, tryptophan should have low toxicity and produce few side effects. Based on these advantages, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders with variable success. This review summarizes current clinical use of tryptophan supplementation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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PMID:L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. 130 30

The elderly have more organic sleep problems disturbing sleep and contributing to insomnia than younger individuals. The most common disorders afflicting the elderly are obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and nocturnal myoclonus. Poor sleep habits often aggravate or contribute to the ongoing difficulty with sleeping. In the depressed elderly, characteristic EEG changes occur that may help distinguish major depression from pseudodementia; however, it should be considered that pseudodementia may be a harbinger of primary dementia. A careful sleep history and often evaluation by polysomnography are central to the management of sleep problems in the elderly. In conjunction with treatment of any underlying organic sleep disorders, brief administration of short-acting benzodiazepine sedatives for sleep onset insomnia or rapid-acting intermediate half-life benzodiazepines for sleep maintenance insomnia can be quite helpful in the elderly, especially if behavioral techniques also are employed. Elimination of medications, alcohol, and caffeine, which disturb sleep, is also an important part of the treatment approach.
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PMID:Sleep disorders in geriatric patients. 160 Apr 90

A patient with incapacitating restless-leg syndrome had suffered from repetitive confusional states exclusively after use of short-acting benzodiazepines. Complete removal of symptoms was achieved using levodopa. An association between many reported adverse reactions to triazolam and the common syndrome of restless legs or nocturnal myoclonus is suggested.
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PMID:Nocturnal wandering caused by restless legs and short-acting benzodiazepines. 167 81

Forty-eight chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients (pts) completed questionnaires that used linear analogue scales (LAS), yes/no responses, and demographic data collection to characterize sleep disorders. Twenty-five pts (52%) reported problems sleeping. These pts graded sleep problems significantly higher than those without sleep problems (6.5 +/- 3 vs. 1.8 +/- 2, p less than 0.001 by LAS). Those with sleep disorders were more likely to smoke cigarettes (13/25 vs. 6/23, p less than 0.05) and have bone pain (14/25 vs. 6/23, p less than 0.05). No differences among pts with and without sleep problems were seen in age, gender, time on dialysis, caffeine intake, pruritus, feelings of sadness, worry, or anxiety, or Kt/V values (1.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.13). Restless legs (84%), onset insomnia (76%), and nighttime (76%) and early A.M. waking (72%) characterized the sleep disorders; symptoms suggesting nocturnal myoclonus were less common (20%). We conclude that sleep disorders are common in HD pts and may be exacerbated by tobacco use, bone pain, and restless legs. Kt/V does not correlate with sleep disorders. Further examination of this problem, including formal sleep studies, is needed.
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PMID:Characterizing sleep disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients. 175 Dec 35

Restless legs syndrome was the first isolated clinical manifestation in four siblings of a family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Clinical and electrophysiological evidence of peripheral neuropathy appeared after a variable time interval. Polysomnography showed abnormal sleep patterns and nocturnal myoclonus in all patients. The restless legs syndrome responded favourably to clonazepam.
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PMID:Restless legs syndrome and nocturnal myoclonus: initial clinical manifestation of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. 216 39

Thirty-one subjects affected by different movement disorders underwent polygraphic and videotape monitoring during nocturnal sleep, to assess movement patterns during the night. It was possible to distinguish two categories of disorders according to their pattern of movements. In the largest group (Meige's syndrome, blepharospasm, amyotrophic choreoacanthocytosis, Tourette syndrome, tonic foot, hemiballism) abnormal movements were still present during sleep, but decreased in frequency and amplitude in all stages. The second group presented three syndromes (nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, nocturnal myoclonus, restless legs syndrome), in which light non-rapid-eye-movement sleep induced a strong activation of abnormal movements, whereas rapid-eye-movement sleep suppressed them.
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PMID:The effect of nocturnal physiological sleep on various movement disorders. 229 64

We analyzed the questionnaires concerning sleep-wake complaints in 1,575 Parkinsonian patients and 2,509 controls of 945 office workers and 1564 seniors living at home. The questionnaire included 20 contents. The Parkinsonian patients complained of sleep-wake disturbances more frequently than the controls in initiation disturbance, frequent awakenings in night, early morning awakening, day time sleepiness, usage of sleep pills, parasomnias, restless legs symptoms, nocturnal myoclonus, snoring, apnea episodes and dyspnea in night (chi-square method). The incidences of restless legs symptoms and nocturnal myoclonus increased significantly with worsening of physical symptoms in the Parkinsonian patients (p less than 0.01).
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PMID:[Sleep-wake complaints in Parkinson's disease]. 235 Sep 35

We studied Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and nocturnal myoclonus (NM) in 9 patients before and after carbamazepine treatment, to verify the correlation between improvement of RLS and modification of NM pattern during sleep. Although CBZ proved effective in the treatment of RLS, it did not modify the pattern of nocturnal myoclonus and its relationship to arousal during sleep. The efficacy of CBZ on RLS may be due to other properties of the drug rather than to the effect on nocturnal sleep: reduction of sleep latency and wakefulness after sleep onset.
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PMID:Nocturnal myoclonus in restless legs syndrome effect of carbamazepine treatment. 250 5


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