Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with postanoxic action myoclonus (Lance-Adams syndrome) was severely disabled with this movement disorder. Valproate sodium was administered orally, with complete resolution of the myoclonus. This favorable response has been maintained for two years. Excessive yawning, the only side effect encountered, was dose related and was abolished with the addition of pimozide to the drug regimen.
 ...
PMID:Postanoxic action myoclonus (Lance-Adams syndrome) responding to valproate. 36 91

A variety of hyperkinetic movement disorders has been associated with the use of neuroleptics (dopamine receptor blocking drugs), but tardive tremor has not been previously documented. We describe five patients in whom tremor occurred after chronic treatment with neuroleptics, was aggravated by and persisted after neuroleptic withdrawal, and improved after treatment with the dopamine depleting drug tetrabenazine. This involuntary oscillatory movement, with a frequency range of 3-5 Hz, was most prominent during maintenance of a posture, but was also present at rest and during a goal-directed movement. The tremor was accompanied by other tardive movement disorders, including akathisia, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, and stereotypy. There was no family history or other explanation for tremor in these patients. We suggest that this hitherto unreported movement disorder is best termed "tardive tremor."
 ...
PMID:Tardive tremor. 134 52

In a series of 225 patients with astrocytomas (grades I-IV) of the basal ganglia and the thalamus, 20 had a movement disorder. In all patients the histological diagnosis was verified by stereotactic biopsy. Tremor was observed in twelve patients, dystonia in eight, chorea in three, and chorea/ballismus and myoclonus in one. The tumour involved the thalamus in 16 patients. Corticospinal tract dysfunction was evident in 70% of the patients with movement disorders and in 73% of those without. Demographic, clinical, histological and neuroradiological data of the patients with a movement disorder were compared with the data of patients without. CT data yielded no differences with respect to the involvement of anatomical structures. Movement disorders were significantly associated with low-grade astrocytomas.
 ...
PMID:Movement disorders in astrocytomas of the basal ganglia and the thalamus. 2264 3

We report two patients with idiopathic palatal myoclonus presenting as a synchronous up-and-down beating of the soft palate, to-and-fro thrusting of the tongue, and contraction of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. The obvious pulsatile movements were visible on the submental surface and a loud clicking noise was audible from a distance. The involuntary jerkings predominantly appeared when the mouth was kept shut, but could be interrupted by some oro-lingual maneuvers such as phonation, swallowing, and sticking the tongue out. Although the palatal myoclonus did not affect the function of the mouth, the patients were socially embarrassed by the loud clicking sound and pulsatile movements. On clinical examination and laboratory investigations, no evidence of lesion in the brainstem or cerebellum was obtained. A therapeutic trial with trihexyphenidyl did not bring any benefit. To conclude, because the idiopathic palatal myoclonus is a rare movement disorder which has never been documented in Taiwan, we describe its clinical characters in two Chinese patients and discuss the differential diagnosis with other involuntary lingual movements.
 ...
PMID:Idiopathic palatal myoclonus: report of two cases. 151 71

Five patients who presented with stimulus-induced jerking as part of an apparent myoclonic or pathological startle syndrome are reported. Neurophysiological observations in these patients suggested the jerks were voluntary in origin. These included (a) variable latencies to the onset of stimulus induced jerks, (b) latencies were greater than that seen in reflex myoclonus of cortical or brainstem origin, and were (c) longer than the fastest voluntary reaction times of normal subjects, (d) variable patterns of muscle recruitment within each jerk and, (e) significant habituation with repeated stimulation. It is argued that these features are consistent with a voluntary origin for the jerks and enable them to be distinguished from the stereotyped electrophysiological characteristics of myoclonus of cortical and brainstem origin. Electrophysiological recordings may help identify patients with this form of psychogenic movement disorder.
 ...
PMID:Voluntary stimulus-sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes. 162 Jan 44

A 27-year-old man presented with a sporadic, nonprogressive, right-sided, segmental movement disorder that had started at the age of 2 years. Ballistic movement overflow myoclonus was diagnosed clinically and by surface electromyography. Special investigations did not detect anything except atrophy of the left temporal lobe on CT scan. The movement intensity was attenuated by alcohol but was minimally affected by high doses of oral propranolol (320 mg daily), clonazepam (36 mg daily), or trihexyphenidyl (32 mg daily). High-dose intravenous biperidine (10 mg) resulted in dramatic improvement, but with unacceptable side effects. The possible role of a cholinergic disturbance in generating myoclonus is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Segmental ballistic movement overflow myoclonus: a clinical, electromyographic, and pharmacologic evaluation. 175 56

The neurological assessment of patients admitted to the intensive care unit after successful resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest may be difficult. We describe the cases of two patients who developed myoclonus within 24 hours of hypoxic respiratory and cardiac arrest. Initially, the clonic movements were thought to be generalised convulsions and were treated as such, until it became evident that the patients were aware and distressed. Posthypoxic myoclonus is a rare complication of successful cardiopulmonary resusitation. Recognition depends on the awareness that the syndrome exists, and is important so that correct therapy can be instituted. There may be important prognostic implications. Both our patients had normal intellectual recovery with moderate residual neurological disability from their movement disorder.
 ...
PMID:Posthypoxic myoclonus (the Lance-Adams syndrome) in the intensive care unit. 201 97

Movement disorders are subdivided based on a variety of criteria. One useful and popular approach to movement disorders, based on clinical phenomenology, categorizes these disorders into two groups, those displaying a poverty of movement (akinesia) and those displaying excessive movement (hyperkinesia). This article discusses diagnosis and treatment of the latter. By necessity, certain hyperkinesias such as hyperexplexia, akathisia, and restless leg syndrome are omitted or only briefly discussed. The major hyperkinesias, dystonia, tremor, tics, chorea (including tardive dyskinesia and ballism), and myoclonus are reviewed and a guide to practical management emphasizing symptomatic treatment is presented.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders. 218 Dec 68

Palatal myoclonus is a movement disorder consisting of rhythmic myoclonus of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, and other muscles derived from the embryonal branchial arches. These movements are continuous and involuntary, and the patients are, in general, unaware of them. In the majority of patients, palatal myoclonus persists for life. In oculopalatal myoclonus, the eyes can be involved in the form of a nystagmus. Often a clicking noise in one or both ears is the initial symptom which can be heard by the examiner. A variety of etiologies have been linked to palatal myoclonus. The most common defined cause is a stroke. The variable delay between the proposed cause and the appearance of the disorder causes difficulties in determining the exact etiology. Pathologic findings show a transsynaptic hypertrophic degeneration of the inferior olivary nucleus which is due to a lesion of a specific, inhibitory, anatomic pathway. This somatotopic pathway leaves the contralateral dentate nucleus, passes through the superior cerebellar peduncle, and crosses the posterior commissure before joining the central tegmental tract and descending to the ipsilateral inferior olive. Treatment of palatal myoclonus is only occasionally effective. Some patients have responded to tryptophan, carbamazepine, and trihexyphenidyl. Surgical attempts have not been successful. - In the present paper the authors report on a case of an oculopalatal myoclonus following Leber's optic atrophy which involved the brain stem.
 ...
PMID:[Etiology and clinical aspects of palatal myoclonus]. 224 51

Rhythmic palatal myoclonus (RPM) is a rare movement disorder consisting of continuous synchronous jerks of the soft palate, muscles innervated by other cranial nerves and, rarely, trunk and limb muscles. It usually develops secondary to brainstem or cerebellar disease (symptomatic RPM). Some patients, however, fail to show evidence of a structural lesion (essential RPM). A total of 287 cases with RPM from the literature including 210 cases with symptomatic and 77 cases with essential RPM have been reviewed and analysed statistically to look for criteria separating the two conditions. Patients with essential RPM usually have objective earclicks as their typical complaint which is rare in the symptomatic form. Eye and extremity muscles are never involved. The jerk frequency is lower in essential than in symptomatic RPM. Patients with essential RPM are younger and have a balanced sex distribution as compared with a male preponderance in the symptomatic form. The rhythmicity of RPM seems to be more profoundly influenced by sleep, coma and general anaesthesia in essential than in symptomatic RPM. We conclude from these results that essential RPM should be separated as a distinct clinical entity. Symptomatic RPM is a rhythmic movement disorder whose pathogenesis is quite well established. The cells of the hypertrophied inferior olives are believed to represent the oscillator. Among other possibilities, essential RPM may represent its functional analogue, based on transmitter changes only. Such a relationship could be of theoretical interest for the understanding of rhythmic hyperkinesias in general.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatic and essential rhythmic palatal myoclonus. 227 39


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>