Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-one subjects affected by different movement disorders underwent polygraphic and videotape monitoring during nocturnal sleep, to assess movement patterns during the night. It was possible to distinguish two categories of disorders according to their pattern of movements. In the largest group (Meige's syndrome, blepharospasm, amyotrophic choreoacanthocytosis, Tourette syndrome, tonic foot, hemiballism) abnormal movements were still present during sleep, but decreased in frequency and amplitude in all stages. The second group presented three syndromes (nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, nocturnal myoclonus, restless legs syndrome), in which light non-rapid-eye-movement sleep induced a strong activation of abnormal movements, whereas rapid-eye-movement sleep suppressed them.
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PMID:The effect of nocturnal physiological sleep on various movement disorders. 229 64

We observed 37 patients (mean age at onset, 48.5 years; range, 13 to 84 years) with segmental myoclonus (18 branchial, 19 spinal). Etiologies for branchial myoclonus included brain-stem demyelination, cerebrovascular disease, Meige's syndrome, cerebral arteritis secondary to bacterial meningitis, central nervous system Whipple's disease, acute cervicomedullary trauma, and cerebellar degeneration. Spinal myoclonus was associated with laminectomy, remote effect of cancer, spinal cord injury, post-operative pseudomeningocele, laparotomy, thoracic sympathectomy, poliomyelitis, herpes myelitis, lumbosacral radiculopathy, spinal extradural block, and myelopathy due to demyelination, electrical injury, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and cervical spondylosis. The latency between the predisposing condition and the onset of myoclonus ranged from immediate to 33 years (mean, 2.9 years). In six patients, the myoclonus was the presenting symptom of a serious underlying disease. Treatment with clonazepam, tetrabenazine hydrochloride, or other medications provides a satisfactory control in most patients.
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PMID:Segmental myoclonus. Clinical and pharmacologic study. 375 63

Surgical treatment of dystonia has experienced a tremendous change over the past decade. Whilst selective peripheral denervation is reserved for cervical dystonia refractory to botulinum toxin injections, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pallidum has gained a wide scope and presents an elementary column in the treatment of medically refractory patients, nowadays. There is consensus that idiopathic generalized, cervical and segmental dystonia are good indications for DBS, although there is still a paucity of studies providing high-level data according to EBM criteria. Efficacy is maintained on longterm. Several other forms of primary dystonia are still under investigation but it appears that patients with Meige syndrome and myoclonus-dystonia gain also marked benefit. Study of the outcome in secondary dystonia disorders is more complex, in general, but patients with tardive dystonia gain similar improvement than patients with idiopathic dystonia. Overall, the risk profile of pallidal DBS is quite low, and it has been shown to be cognitively safe. The effect of pallidal DBS on non-dystonic extremities has not received much attention, albeit there are hints for a pro-akinetic mechanism. Several questions remain to be solved including optimal programming of stimulation settings, battery drain with high stimulation energies and the elucidation of the mechanisms of DBS in dystonia.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of dystonia. 2059 Aug 15