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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) typically presents with chaotic eye movements and myoclonus with some patients exhibiting ataxia and behavioural disturbance. The pathogenesis may be inflammatory with an infectious or paraneoplastic trigger. In this report, we describe four HIV-infected cases with OMS presenting to a tertiary referral centre in Cape Town, South Africa, over a 10-year period. OMS was the initial neurological presentation of HIV-infection in three subjects of whom two had preserved CD4+ cell counts. Immunosuppressive therapy, mainly prednisone, led to a dramatic improvement of symptoms in all cases suggesting an inflammatory aetiology, consistent with the observation that HIV-infection can be associated with both inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Three previous reports of OMS associated with HIV-infection have been documented including a sero-conversion syndrome and as part of an immune reconstitution syndrome. We suggest that in HIV-associated OMS the pathophysiology may be the consequence of a dysregulated immune system in which a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio, in addition to a critical level of functional CD4+ cells for efficient CD8+ cytotoxicity, results in dysfunction of the brainstem-cerebellar circuitry in susceptible individuals.
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PMID:Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and HIV-infection. 1941 38

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a rare neurological disorder, characterized by a rapid onset of generalized myoclonus in association with chaotic multi-directional eye movements and, less frequently, cerebellar ataxia. OMA is commonly related to a paraneoplastic process, specifically neuroblastoma in children and lung or breast cancer in adults. Nevertheless, OMA may occur in association with various infectious agents, such as Coxsackie virus B3, Epstein-Barr virus, mumps, enterovirus, and streptococcus. We recently encountered two cases of HIV-related OMA syndrome. The first patient developed a sudden onset of OMA at the time of HIV seroconversion. The second patient experienced severe ataxia with a mild degree of myoclonus and opsoclonus, associated with an elevated CD4 count following the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We suggest that OMA syndrome may be another rare manifestation of HIV infection at the time of seroconversion or during an immune restoration period.
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PMID:HIV-related opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: report on two cases. 2042 23

Our case demonstrates a rare presentation of acute HIV infection (AHI) with myoclonus, rhabdomyolysis, and aseptic meningitis. It is imperative for primary care physicians to consider AHI. In this patient, laboratory findings demonstrated infection three to four months before presentation. The diagnosis of AHI is critical for early intervention and for decreasing transmission. We review the CNS manifestations of AHI, the laboratory stages of AHI, and discuss treatment options.
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PMID:The modern day masquerader: a rare case of acute HIV infection with neurologic complications and a review of the literature. 2268 56

Central nervous system manifestations of West Nile virus (WNV) infection include meningitis, encephalitis, and poliomyelitis-like syndrome. We describe a 44-year-old man with no past medical history who presented with a meningoencephalitic syndrome and spastic paralysis bilaterally in the upper and lower extremities, hyperreflexia, and myoclonus and was ultimately diagnosed as being infected with HIV and WNV.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of West Nile virus in a newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus patient in New York City. 2332 26

We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with AIDS who developed opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome during a period different from other cases reported in literature. Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome had already been reported as the initial neurological presentation of AIDS, as well as at the time of HIV-seroconversion and immune reconstitution syndrome. Our case is unique since the patient had an elevated CD4 count and negative viral load in the period when the opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome occurred.
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PMID:Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in an AIDS patient. 2448 98

Opsoclonus Myoclonus (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder which appears to be the result of an autoimmune dysfunction. It is an extremely rare condition, affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people every year. It affects 2 to 3% of children. Opsoclonus Myoclonus, which manifests itself as post infectious encephalopathy, occasionally along with HIV infection, post Streptococcal infection, West Nile virus encephalitis and Rickettsial infection, most often presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome, which is especially caused by occult neuroblastoma which is commonly seen in childhood and occurs in adults in relation to breast cancer and small cell lung cancer. In this study, two adult post infectious cases which had rare manifestations, have been presented. The cases were managed by using corticosteroids.
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PMID:Dancing eyes dancing feet syndrome-a report of two cases. 2499 4

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome typically presents with chaotic eye movements and myoclonus with some patients exhibiting ataxia and behavioural disturbances. The pathogenesis may be inflammatory with an infectious or paraneoplastic trigger. We present a 13-year-old HIV-infected girl who was initially started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in March 2013 with a CD4 count of 79 cells/cumm. Initially, the patient did not comply with treatment, resulting in a CD4+ count of 77 cells/mm3 in November 2015 and prompting a new HAART scheme comprising lamivudine, tenofovir and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir. Shortly after starting this scheme, she developed OMA syndrome in January 2016. She was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids along with oral clonazepam and gradually recovered. We suggest immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome as a possible aetiology of OMA in HIV-infected children.
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PMID:Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome in an HIV-infected child. 2769 54

Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia (OMA) syndrome is a debilitating autoimmune neurological disorder. Post-infectious opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome has been described with varying bacterial, spirochetal, and viral infections including several patients with HIV. However, specific immunopathological mechanisms that may lead to opsoclonus-myoclonus in HIV-positive patients are unknown.We report a case of HIV-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus and early HIV infection. A review of published literature shows opsoclonus-myoclonus can occur during early infection, in immune reconstitution syndrome or in association with other infections, especially tuberculosis.
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PMID:HIV-associated opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: early infection, immune reconstitution syndrome or secondary to other diseases? Case report and literature review. 2924 32


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