Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a fatal intoxication in a 59-year-old woman who had uremia undergoing hemodialysis, and then took amantadine and pramipexole for Parkinsonian tremor. Toxic manifestation includes myoclonus, ataxia, confusion and sudden death. This report highlights the fact that using amantadine and pramipexole may be fatal in patients with uremia even undergoing hemodialysis.
 ...
PMID:Fatal intoxication using amantadine and pramipexole in a uremic patient. 1868 51

Myoclonus in older individuals usually occurs in the context of associated neurologic features which allow the diagnosis of the underlying disorder. We encountered 7 patients with a newly recognized myoclonus syndrome; we use the term primary progressive myoclonus of aging (PPMA) for this syndrome. Our purpose was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological properties of this syndrome. Our database was searched for the presence of "myoclonus" in the physical examination. Medical records and laboratory data were retrospectively reviewed, including electrophysiology data. We applied our criteria for PPMA: (1) asymmetric symptomatic action myoclonus, (2) >/=65 years of age, (3) cortical myoclonus physiology, (4) no dementia, (5) no associated features of defined neurodegenerative disorders, and (6) no secondary cause found. Seven patients fulfilled criteria. Age at presentation ranged from 70 to 87 years. Mean duration from myoclonus onset to last follow-up was 2.9 years. Electrophysiology showed positive-negative back-averaged transients, consistent with cortical myoclonus. No patient demonstrated dementia. Brain imaging in all cases was unremarkable. PPMA is a unique syndrome with characteristic findings that differentiate it from dementias and defined neurodegenerative syndromes. It is important to distinguish primary PPMA from other syndromes seen in older individuals to avoid diagnostic confusion. Some cases showed a response to levetiracetam.
 ...
PMID:Primary progressive myoclonus of aging. 1870 79

A 50-year-old woman presented with confusion, fever and drowsiness following an episode of headache and dizziness. On admission, neurological examination found positive pyramidal tract signs, meningeal irritation, and bilateral myoclonus in her arms. Laboratory tests revealed liver dysfunction, positive inflammatory reaction, elevated serum IgM antibody against cytomegalovirus, and increased cerebrospinal fluid protein of 67 mg/dl. MRI of brain by diffusion weighted imaging showed a wide spread hyperintense lesion in white matter and limbic areas. We administered aciclovir, ganciclovir and steroid pulse therapy that showed a limited effect in the initial stage. In spite of all these therapies, she suffered from status epilepticus, followed by persistent disturbance of consciousness for about 2 months. However, her level of consciousness and motor deficit were gradually improved by continuous administration of ganciclovir. The present case indicates that prolonged disturbance of consciousness due to cytomegalovirus encephalitis could be restored with continuous ganciclovir administration.
 ...
PMID:[A case of probable cytomegalovirus encephalitis who restored from persistant disturbance of consciousness]. 1871 81

The newborn infant is prone to clinical motor phenomena that are not epileptic in nature. These include tremors, jitteriness, various forms of myoclonus and brainstem release phenomena. They are frequently misdiagnosed as seizures, resulting in unnecessary investigations and treatment with anticonvulsants, which have potentially harmful side effects. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of literature about many of these phenomena in the newborn, and some of the major textbooks refer to these events as nonepileptic seizures, leading to further confusion for the practitioner. The present paper aims to review these phenomena with special emphasis on differentiating them from epileptic seizures, and offers information on treatment and prognosis wherever possible.
 ...
PMID:Nonepileptic motor phenomena in the neonate. 1943 21

A 87-year-old woman was admitted with a rapidly progressive confusion, disorientation and myoclonus, all suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This diagnosis was initially strongly supported by the EEG, which showed slow background activity and triphasic waves, combined with the finding of an increased level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Remarkably, this patient had also developed hypothermia, which, after warming-up, resulted in alleviation of the mental disturbances and disappearance of myoclonus. Over time, the EEG abnormalities disappeared. She recovered clinically for which reason the diagnosis of sCJD had to be rejected; however, she kept the inability to maintain body temperature (poikilothermia). Therefore, in patients with the aforementioned symptoms body temperature should be measured and adequately managed. Our hypothesis is that she suffered from a misleading acquired encephalopathy with reversible EEG and laboratory features, mimicking sCJD. When laboratory findings suggest sCJD it remains very important to see whether or not these findings are compatible with the clinical observations.
 ...
PMID:EEG abnormalities in poikilothermia suggesting Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. 1971 83

Hashimoto encephalopathy is characterized by severe neuropsychiatric findings, including psychosis, confusion, seizures, stupor, stroke-like episodes, tremor, and myoclonus. The combination of findings is variable. Hashimoto encephalopathy constitutes an important differential diagnosis in patients with encephalopathy. The triad of encephalopathy, corresponding electroencephalographic slowing, and increased protein content in cerebrospinal fluid should prompt testing of anti-thyroid antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Elevated antibody levels support the diagnosis. We describe a 15-year-old girl with a fluctuating course of Hashimoto encephalopathy. Electroencephalograms revealed no specific alterations, but widespread slowing of the background activity occurred during two episodes of fluctuating encephalopathy. Cortical edema was indicated by cranial magnetic resonance imaging during the first episode of encephalopathy, in the context of cerebral seizures. Laboratory findings were in accordance with Hashimoto encephalopathy, which was steroid-responsive.
 ...
PMID:Hashimoto encephalopathy in a 15-year-old-girl: EEG findings and follow-up. 1974 53

The serotonin syndrome is a toxic state largely attributable to changes in sensitivity of serotonin receptor system in the brainstem and spinal cord resulting from increased serotonergic activity in central neurologic system, due to use of serotonergic agents either in overdose or in combination. Serotonin syndrome may present with neuromuscular (clonus, myoclonus, tremor, hyperreflexia) and autonomic (fever, mydriasis, tachycardia, tachypnea) symptoms and mental status changes (confusion, agitation) and may result in death in severe cases. The risk for the development of serotonin syndrome is increased with the combined use of agents from different groups such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The growing use of SSRIs for depression and the introduction of pharmacological agents newly developed for the treatment of various medical disorders increases the risk of drug-drug interactions and toxic states like serotonin syndrome. In the presented case clinical presentation and outcome of the serotonin syndrome which has developed as a consequence of concomitant linezolid use in a young patient who was already on an SSRI antidepressant is discussed. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic which has MAOI-like properties. This case is presented to inform psychiatrists especially working in consultation-liaison settings about the risk of drug-drug interactions and possible prevention of these.
 ...
PMID:[Serotonin syndrome associated with linezolid use: a case report]. 2001 32

The literature is reviewed. Hashimoto encephalopathy is a steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (SREHT). The incidence of SREHT in childhood is underestimated. Two subtypes have been described. The diffuse progressive type is associated with insidious onset and progressive impairment of mental status, such as confusion, somnolence, and psychosis. The vasculitic type is characterized by acute stroke-like episodes associated with focal neurologic features and seizures. Hashimoto encephalopathy (SREHT) is a clinical condition with elevated thyroid antibody titers encompassing persistent or relapsing seizures, myoclonus, focal neurologic deficits and neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis, delusions and hallucinations, and affective disorders. By far, the vast majority of reports on paediatric and adult patients describe a dramatic clinical response to either methylprednisolone pulse therapy or daily oral prednisone or prednisolone.
 ...
PMID:[Undetected Hashimoto encephalopathy--a diagnostic challenge in child psychiatry and child neurology]. 2004 73

A 16-year-old male started on isotretinoin 80 mg daily for acne developed persistent headache 3 weeks later, with myoclonus and confusion 10 weeks later. During initial hospital assessment his Glasgow Coma Scale score fell acutely to 8 and he required ventilation. Brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were normal and an electroencephalogram (EEG) showed features of encephalopathy. No cause was found. He was extubated after 24 hours and made a full recovery. This is the first report of a generalized encephalopathy thought likely to be due to isotretinoin.
 ...
PMID:Isotretinoin-induced encephalopathy. 2005 67

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Diagnosing dystonia may be difficult, because of variability of dystonia presentation, uncertain recognition of the specific clinical signs, wide etiological spectrum, and coexistence of other movement disorders. The major difficulties in the diagnostic assessment of primary and non-primary dystonia derive from its confusion with other movement disorders or with a psychogenic disorder. The clinical heterogeneity of dystonia and some examples of misdiagnosis are reviewed here. The movement disorders that can be most commonly taken for dystonia are tremor, Parkinson's disease, myoclonus, chorea, and tics. Given the occurrence of confounding factors, along with specific genetic and laboratory test, it is of great importance to apply a specific algorithm to recognize the clinical signs of dystonia.
 ...
PMID:Differential diagnosis of dystonia. 2059 Aug 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>