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Query: UMLS:C0027066 (myoclonus)
 4,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six patients are studied (five females and one male) in which disorders of consciousness varying from stupor to coma have occurred following variable periods of cerebral hypoxia caused either by cardiorespiratory standstill (five cases) or acute pulmonary injury. After a few hours they had generalized convulsive crisis of tonic-clonic type. As consciousness was regained they developed generalized myoclonic trembling of great intensity. Hence post-anoxic myoclonic encephalopathy is characterized. It is also called the Lance-Adams syndrome, in honor of the authors that described it in 1963. Five patients underwent electroencephalographic examination; the tracing showed typical myoclonus potentials in some, and characteristic diffuse brain injury in others. Electromyography was carried out in one patient, and cerebral computerized tomography in two others. The latter revealed an accentuated widening of sylvian cleft at the base in one them, specially on the right side, which explain his dementia-like picture. The biochemical analysis of the spinal fluid was normal in five cases.
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PMID:[Post-anoxic myoclonic encephalopathy (Lance-Adams syndrome): report of 6 cases]. 728 98

A 25-year-old man was admitted following deterioration in behavior and onset of blindness. He soon became comatose and died 6 weeks later. Brain biopsy showed nuclear inclusion bodies resembling viral capsids, astrocytosis and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing but no demyelination. The diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was made on finding: measles virus antigens in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid, the identification of measles RNA sequences in brain tissue by the polymerase chain reaction, and intense, oligoclonal, IgG-banding in the CSF. However, the relatively advanced age of the patient, the absence of myoclonus and the nondistinctive EEG profile lacking synchronous bursts of high-voltage slow and sharp waves, are unusual.
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PMID:[An unusual case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. 774 46

We describe a patient treated with trazodone, isocarboxazid, and methylphenidate hydrochloride who developed confusion, agitation, poor concentration, rigidity, myoclonus, involuntary movements, orthostatic hypotension, and hyperreflexia. CK was normal, and the syndrome resolved spontaneously over 12 hours. The serotonin syndrome occurs following the use of serotomimetic agents (serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants, tryptophan, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine, dextromethorphan, meperidine, S-adenosylmethionine) alone or in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It is characterized by various combinations of myoclonus, rigidity, hyperreflexia, shivering, confusion, agitation, restlessness, coma, autonomic instability, low-grade fever, nausea, diarrhea, diaphoresis, flushing, and rarely, rhabdomyolysis and death.
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PMID:Serotonin syndrome. 785 15

Generalized myoclonus status is common in comatose patients after cardiac resuscitation, but its prognostic value is uncertain. We studied the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in 107 consecutive patients who remained comatose after cardiac resuscitation. Myoclonus status was present in 40 patients (37%). Features more prevalent in patients with myoclonus status were burst suppression on electroencephalograms, cerebral edema or cerebral infarcts on computed tomography scans, and acute ischemic neuronal change in all cortical laminae. All patients with myoclonus status died. Of 67 patients without myoclonus, 20 awakened. We conclude that myoclonus status in postanoxic coma should be considered an agonal phenomenon that indicates devastating neocortical damage. Its presence in comatose patients after cardiac arrest must strongly influence the decision to withdraw life support.
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PMID:Prognostic value of myoclonus status in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. 757 74

Sleep-related disorders are revisited in the light of the physiological modality of NREM sleep expressed by the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP). Owing to its fluctuating properties on vigilance, muscle tone, and vegetative activities, CAP represents a highly favorable condition for the occurrence of interictal generalized and focal lesional EEG discharges, for motor seizures, and for periodic jerks in nocturnal myoclonus. All these manifestations are significantly associated with the components of activation during CAP, i.e., the A phases. On the contrary, the B phases of CAP appear chronologically linked to inhibitory phenomena in epileptic patients and in nocturnal myoclonus. The two phases of CAP seem especially involved in sleep apnea syndrome, where respiration is interrupted during a phase B and restored during a phase A. CAP rate, that measures the effort of the brain to maintain sleep, is increased by all conditions that induce vigilance instability such as noise, clinical insomnia, interictal EEG paroxysms, nocturnal seizures, periodic leg movements, and in certain extreme pathologic conditions such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and stage 2 coma.
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PMID:Clinical applications of cyclic alternating pattern. 824 61

Systemic methyl bromide (CH3Br) poisoning with signs and symptoms of varying severity developed in nine greenhouse workers after acute inhalational exposure on two consecutive days. Measurements of CH3Br, carried out at the site within hours after the accident, suggest that exposure on the second day may have been in excess of 200 ppm (800 mg/m3) CH3Br. All workers were admitted for observation. Seven of them were discharged after an uneventful overnight observation and residual symptoms, if any, subsided within three weeks of the accident. Two patients needed intensive care for several weeks because of severe reactive myoclonus and tonic-clonic generalised convulsions. These conditions were unresponsive to repeated doses of diazepam, clonazepam, and diphenylhydantoin but could be suppressed effectively by induction of a thiopental coma that had to be continued for three weeks. In some of the patients prior subchronic exposure to CH3Br, as shown by their occupational histories and high serum bromide (Br-) concentrations, is likely to have been a factor contributing to the severity of their symptoms. A direct association between serum Br- concentrations and the severity of neurological symptoms, however, seemed to be absent. An on site investigation into the circumstances leading to the accident showed the presence of an empty and out of use drainage system that covered both sections of the greenhouse. This was probably the most important factor contributing to the rapid and inadvertent spread of CH3Br.
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PMID:Systemic effects of inhalational methyl bromide poisoning: a study of nine cases occupationally exposed due to inadvertent spread during fumigation. 843 48

The determination of long-term prognosis is one of the most difficult tasks in the management of persons with brain injury (BI). Initial Glasgow Score, duration of coma, brain stem reflexes, and pupillary responses are all clinical findings that have been related to outcome in BI. We describe another easily observable clinical finding, persistent facial myoclonus (PFM), which may provide additional information on prognosis after severe BI. We retrospectively reviewed 295 consecutive admissions to an inpatient brain injury rehabilitation program. Data extracted included mechanism of injury, patient demographics, admission and discharge Rancho Level (RL), and presence of PFM plus first date of description. Of the total admissions, 68 (23%) were RL < or = 2 on admission and of those 68, nine (13%) demonstrated PFM. Twenty-seven of 59 patients without PFM advanced to RL > 3 but none of those with PFM progressed to RL > 2 (Fisher's exact probability = .007). Mean time from injury to PFM description was 10.5 months (SD = 11.8, range, 2.5 to 25.0 months) and mean time from description to discharge was 7.1 months (SD = 6.6, range, 2.0 to 22.5 months). Four of the nine PFM patients had evidence of brain stem injury on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans, a much higher percentage than in the larger population. We postulate that patients with PFM after TBI represent a subgroup of patients with severe diffuse axonal injury with brain stem lesions.
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PMID:Persistent facial myoclonus: a negative prognostic sign in patients with severe brain injury. 846 24

Isolated myoclonus has rarely been reported as a complication of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. We describe the development of chaotic myoclonic jerks in an afebrile and conscious patient, the fourth day of treatment with quinine for P. falciparum infection. The myoclonus finally resulted in a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and coma, which resolved without further antimalarial treatment.
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PMID:Severe myoclonus in a patient recovering from falciparum malaria. 855 47

A total of 21 patients with postmeasles and 26 patients with postvaricella C.N.S. complications were studied. In both groups, males were predominant than females. The C.N.S. manifestations included disturbed level of consciousness, coma, seizures, motor deficits, ataxia and myoclonus. The sequelae were more frequent in postmeasles cases and ranged from behavioral abnormalities to motor deficits. C.S.F. examination showed that most of the cases demonstrated increase in the protein content (45-100mg) and pleocytosis. Myelin protein was detected in 8 samples and 6 samples of postmeasles and varicella C.S.F. out of 12 samples in Tested in each group. Specific virus IgG antibody was detected significantly in 8 paired C.S.F. samples of postvaricella group and only one sample of postmeasles out of 12 paired samples tested in each group. C-T. scan examination revealed that the most common finding was the brain oedema (13 in measles, and 21 in varicella group).
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PMID:The immunological aspects of acute C.N.S. complications of the exanthematous viral diseases. 872 Dec 38

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is characterized by the insidious onset of diffuse cerebral dysfunction associated later with myoclonus and typical electroencephalographic changes. The disease progresses relentlessly to coma and death within 2 years. We report a case of acute onset and rapid course associated with atypical CSF, EEG and MRI features simulating acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Brief review of relevant literature is presented.
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PMID:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a case report. 907 90


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