Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although it is well recognized that granulocytic sarcoma can cause localized lymphadenopathy, widespread nodal involvement by acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), clinically mimicking non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has only been previously described twice. We report the clinicopathological, immunological, and cytochemical features of two patients who had widespread, prominent lymphadenopathy secondary to AML as well as concurrent marrow leukemia (M1 and M2). For one patient the lymphadenopathy was the predominant abnormality prompting him to seek medical attention, while the second patient had symptoms of infection following a 9-month history of myelodysplasia. The disease in both patients was aggressive; one patient survived only 1 week and the other survived only 5 weeks after diagnosis. In both cases the granulocytic sarcoma was confirmed by cytochemistry studies (naphthol ASD-chloroacetate esterase on tissue sections and myeloperoxidase on imprint smears), and electron microscopy, including morphology (both cases) or ultrastructural localization of myeloperoxidase (case 2). Non-specific esterase activity was not detected in either patient's blasts, although serum lysozyme was elevated in both cases. Immunological studies revealed reactivity of both patients' cells with panleukocyte, MY4, MY7, OKM-1, and Leu-M1 monoclonal antibodies and with alpha-1-antitrypsin and muramidase antibodies. The cells of one of these patients also reacted with anti-S-100 protein. Although the cytochemical studies indicated that both cases exhibited only myeloid differentiation, the immunological markers suggested that the tumor cells possessed some features of monocytes, perhaps explaining their propensity for widespread tumor formation. Morphological, immunological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural methods of diagnosing granulocytic sarcoma are presented.
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PMID:Acute myelocytic leukemia manifested by prominent generalized lymphadenopathy: report of two cases with immunological, ultrastructural, and cytochemical studies. 345 62

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare leukemia, which is now included in myelodysplastic syndromes. In a small number of patients with CMML, problems in the diagnosis have been reported, especially when atypical morphological features in both monocytic and granulocytic cells due to dysmyelopoiesis are prominent, or when cytochemical characteristics are lost in the leukemic cells. The case history of a sixty-seven year-old male patient with CMML is described. The diagnosis of CMML in the patient was supported by the following evidence: chronic course of his disease; increased monocyte-like cells without other cause; normocytic anemia; immature granulocytic cells with hypogranular feature and giant platelets were observed in the peripheral blood. The bone marrow showed myeloid hyperplasia. Serum muramidase and vitamin B12 levels were increased, while neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score was low in the peripheral blood. Ph' chromosome was negative. The monocyte-like cells completely lacked nonspecific esterase. However the cells were confirmed as monocytic cells by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to monocytes (OKM5).
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PMID:Report of a case with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: demonstration of leukemic monocytes lacking nonspecific esterase by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. 350 52

Three patients with idiopathic pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow who developed carcinoma of the lung within two years of diagnosis are reported. All three patients had macrocytic anemia associated with a megaloblastic marrow in the presence of normal serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels. Neutropenia with monocytosis, elevated serum muramidase and LAP scores, and increased fetal hemoglobin levels were also found. In all cases Ham's tests were negative with a normal bone marrow karyotype. In all three patients, pancytopenia due to myelodysplasia, a probable preleukemic state, was diagnosed initially prior to the appearance of carcinoma of the lung. One of the patients showed improved leukocyte and platelet counts during chemotherapy, while the other two died before chemotherapy could be administered. In the light of the above findings we suggest that carcinoma of the lung may be the cause of a paraneoplastic syndrome with pancytopenia, particularly in patients with a hypercellular marrow with a normal karyotype.
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PMID:Pancytopenia with hypercellular bone marrow--a possible paraneoplastic syndrome in carcinoma of the lung: a report of three cases. 672 Jun 84