Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The graft-vs-tumor effect is an important part of the curative potential of allogeneic transplantation. We characterized the effect of transplanted donor mononuclear cells on relapse- and event-free survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We studied 113 consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies who received non-T-cell-depleted BMT from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched siblings. Most patients (n = 103) received busulfan (Myleran)-based conditioning, and all patients received standard short-course methotrexate and tacrolimus (Prograf) as graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis. Sixty-four patients had low-risk diagnoses (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/acute myeloid leukemia [first complete remission], myelodysplastic syndrome [refractory anemia/refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts], and chronic myeloid leukemia [first chronic phase]); 49 patients had high-risk diagnoses (all others). Cox regression analyses evaluated risk strata, age, gender, and the numbers of nucleated cells, CD3-positive T cells, CD34-positive hematopoietic cells, and type 2 dendritic cells (DC2) as covariates for event-free survival, relapse, and nonrelapse mortality. Recipients of larger numbers of DC2 cells had significantly lower event-free survival, a lower incidence of chronic graft-vs-host disease, and an increased incidence of relapse. Recipients of larger numbers of CD34-positive cells had improved event-free survival; recipients of fewer CD34-positive cells had delayed hematopoietic engraftment and increased death from infections. In conclusion, content of donor DC2 cells was associated with decreased chronic graft-vs-host disease and graft-vs-leukemia effects consistent with Th2/Tc2 polarization of donor Tcells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:DC2 effect on survival following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 1182 82

The incidence of postengraftment invasive aspergillosis (IA) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients increased during the 1990s. We determined risks for IA and outcomes among 1682 patients who received HSCTs between January 1993 and December 1998. Risk factors included host variables (age, underlying disease), transplant variables (stem cell source), and late complications (acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease [GVHD], receipt of corticosteroids, secondary neutropenia, cytomegalovirus [CMV] disease, and respiratory virus infection). We identified risk factors associated with IA early after transplantation (<or= 40 days) and after engraftment (41-180 days). Older patient age was associated with an increased risk during both periods. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase was associated with low risk for early IA compared with other hematologic malignancies, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Multiple myeloma was associated with an increased risk for postengraftment IA. Use of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related (MR) peripheral blood stem cells conferred protection against early IA compared with use of MR bone marrow, but use of cord blood increased the risk of IA early after transplantation. Factors that increased risks for IA after engraftment included receipt of T cell-depleted or CD34-selected stem cell products, receipt of corticosteroids, neutropenia, lymphopenia, GVHD, CMV disease, and respiratory virus infections. Very late IA (> 6 months after transplantation) was associated with chronic GVHD and CMV disease. These results emphasize the postengraftment timing of IA; risk factor analyses verify previously recognized risk factors (GVHD, receipt of corticosteroids, and neutropenia) and uncover the roles of lymphopenia and viral infections in increasing the incidence of postengraftment IA in the 1990s.
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PMID:Invasive aspergillosis in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: changes in epidemiology and risk factors. 1239 25

Donor-cell-derived hematopoietic malignancy is a rare event after bone marrow transplantation. Most cases in the literature occurred within the first year. We present a rare case of a female patient who had a bone marrow transplant for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) at the age of two and a half years from her human leukocyte antigen-identical brother. She developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia) 12 years later. Initially, the malignant clone was of recipient origin, but within several months, progression to a clinically more aggressive refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) was accompanied by the outgrowth of a new clone of donor origin. In this report we provide evidence proving that the patient's final malignant clone arose in donor cells: cytogenetic analysis of the marrow showed a male karyotype and a t(3;21)(q26;q21) in all 62 metaphases analyzed. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that all identifiable cells contained the Y chromosome. We conclude that donor-cell-derived hematopoietic malignancy after bone marrow transplantation can occur even after many years. We believe that the 13 years that elapsed between the transplant and the development of RAEB in our case represent the longest latency period in the literature.
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PMID:Donor-cell myelodysplastic syndrome developing 13 years after marrow grafting for aplastic anemia. 1269 88

Myelodysplastic syndromes are clonal stem cell disorders, and allogeneic hemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only therapy with curative potential. Among patients with less-advanced myelodysplastic syndromes, 3-year survivals of 65% to 75% are achievable with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical related and HLA-matched unrelated donors. The probability of relapse is less than 5%. Among patients with advanced disease (> or = 5% marrow blasts), 35% to 45% and 25% to 30%, respectively, are surviving in remission after transplantation from related or unrelated donors. The incidence of post-transplant relapse is 10% to 35%. Criteria of the International Prognostic Scoring System, originally developed for nontransplanted patients, also predict relapse and survival after HCT. Refined conditioning regimens have permitted successful HCT even in patients in their seventh decade of life. Results with a regimen using a combination of busulfan (targeted to predetermined plasma levels) and cyclophosphamide are particularly encouraging. Improved survival with transplants from unrelated volunteer donors reflects selection of donors on the basis of high-resolution (allele-level) HLA typing. Nevertheless, transplant-related morbidity and mortality, including graft-versus-host disease, remain challenges that need to be addressed with innovative approaches. Some patients who achieve a chemotherapy-induced complete remission may also benefit from autologous HCT.
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PMID:Hemopoietic cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes. 1290 42

This retrospective study compared the outcomes in 32 adult patients with hematologic diseases (acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, severe aplastic anemia) who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT, n = 14; median age, 28 years) or allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT, n = 18; median age, 29 years) from human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling donors. Median follow-up was 58 months in BMT recipients and 18 months in PBSCT recipients. Neutrophil (median, Day 8 vs Day 13, p < 0.001) and platelet engraftment (median, Day 9 vs Day 17, p < 0.001) was faster in the PBSCT group than in the BMT group. Patients receiving PBSCT required less platelet transfusion than those receiving BMT (median, 54 units vs 144 units, p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in red cell transfusion. At 100 days, there was no difference in the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (42.9% vs 33.3%, p = 0.72) or grade II-IV acute GVHD (14.3% vs 5.6%, p = 0.57), and there was no difference in the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (20% vs 33.3%, p = 0.67). No chronic GVHD was noted in any relapsed patients (BMT, 5; PBSCT, 3), and no patients with chronic GVHD during follow-up had a relapse. Relapse was the most frequent cause of death inboth groups (BMT, 5/9, 55.6%; PBSCT, 3/4, 75%; p = 0.25); all relapses occurred within 1 year after transplantation. Overall survival was significantly better in the PBSCT group (35.7% vs 77.8%, p = 0.029), but this difference was lost if only hematologic malignancies were analyzed (30.8% vs 63.6%, p = 0.20). Our results are similar to those reported previously, with faster neutrophil and platelet engraftment and less severe acute GVHD and extensive chronic GVHD with PBSCT. Allogeneic PBSCT is a feasible and beneficial alternative to allogeneic BMT in adult hematologic disease.
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PMID:Comparisons between allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adult hematologic disease: a single center experience. 1465 82

In this multicenter retrospective study, the outcomes of 836 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent transplantation with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor were analyzed according to 2 types of conditioning: reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) in 215 patients, and standard myeloablative (or high-dose) conditioning (SMC) in 621 patients. In multivariate analysis, the 3-year relapse rate was significantly increased after RIC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2-2.2; P = .001), but the 3-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rate was decreased in the RIC group (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.91; P = .015). The 3-year probabilities of progression-free and overall survivals were similar in both groups (39% after SMC vs 33% in RIC; multivariate P = .9; and 45% vs 41%, respectively; P = .8). In conclusion, the lower 3-year NRM after RIC is encouraging, since these patients were older (age > 50 years in 73% RIC vs 28% in SMC, P < .001) and had more adverse pretransplantation variables. However, based on the higher risk of relapse, patients with no contraindications for SMC should not receive RIC outside of prospective randomized trials, which are needed to establish the position of RIC-based transplantation in the treatment of patients with MDS.
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PMID:Retrospective comparison of reduced-intensity conditioning and conventional high-dose conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using HLA-identical sibling donors in myelodysplastic syndromes. 1659 92

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecules exhibit immunomodulatory properties corresponding to nonclassic class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex. They are either membrane-bound or solubly expressed during certain tumoral malignancies. Soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) molecules seem more frequently expressed than membrane-bound isoforms during hematologic malignancies, such as lymphoproliferative disorders. Assay of these molecules by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients suffering from another hematologic disorder (acute leukemia) highlights increased sHLA-G secretion. This increased secretion seems more marked in acute leukemia subtypes affecting monocytic and lymphoid lineages such as FABM4 and FABM5, as well as both B and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Moreover, this study uses in vitro cytokine stimulations and reveals the respective potential roles of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma in increasing this secretion in FABM4 and ALL. Correlations between sHLA-G plasma level and clinical biologic features suggest a link between elevated sHLA-G level and 1) the absence of anterior myelodysplasia and 2) high-level leukocytosis. All these findings suggest that sHLA-G molecules could be a factor in tumoral escape from immune survey during acute leukemia.
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PMID:Soluble HLA-G molecules increase during acute leukemia, especially in subtypes affecting monocytic and lymphoid lineages. 1661 16

Although allogeneic stem cell transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical related donor offers a potential cure for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), a suitably matched related donor is unavailable for approximately two thirds of patients. Recently, umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors have been used as an alternative stem cell source for adult patients with MDS. Here, we updated the results of unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) after myeloablative conditioning for 22 adult patients with MDS. Diagnosis at transplantation included refractory anemia (RA) (n = 3), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) (n = 2), RAEB-t (n = 2), and MDS-related secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 15). All patients were treated with total body irradiation (12 Gy), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and cyclophosphamide followed by unrelated HLA-mismatched CBT. The median age was 40 years (range, 19 - 51 years), the median weight was 54.5 kg (range, 43 - 75 kg), and the median number of cryopreserved nucleated cells was 2.43 x 10(7)/kg (range, 1.82 - 4.10 x 10(7)/kg). Twenty one patients had myeloid reconstitution and the median time to more than 0.5 x 10(9)/l absolute neutrophil count was 22.5 days. A self-sustained platelet count more than 50 x 10(9)/l was achieved in 19 patients at a median time of 49 days. Acute GVHD above grade II occurred in seven of 21 evaluable patients and chronic GVHD in 16 of 19 evaluable patients. Among 16 chronic GVHD patients, in eight patients the disease was extensive. Seventeen patients are alive and free of disease at between 371 and 2562 days after transplantation. With a median follow-up of 1505 days, the probability of disease-free survival at 4 years was 76.0%. These results suggest that adult MDS patients without suitable related or unrelated bone marrow donors should be considered as candidates for CBT.
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PMID:The efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation for adult myelodysplastic syndrome. 1669 May 15

Hemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is presently the only therapy with curative potential for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Among patients with less advanced MDS, 3-year survival figures of 65-80% are achieved with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical related and unrelated donors. The probability of relapse is less than 5%. Among patients with advanced MDS (> or = 5% marrow blasts), about 35-50% of patients transplanted from related donors, and 25-40% transplanted from unrelated donors are surviving in remission beyond 3 years. The incidence of post-transplant relapse is 10-35%. Criteria of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) predict relapse and survival following HCT. In patients with myelofibrosis, allogeneic transplantation is successful in 50-80%, if performed during the fibrosis stage. The success rate declines to 25-40%, if the transplant is performed after leukemic transformation has occurred. About 40% of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia survive in remission after transplantation. Results obtained with low/reduced-intensity conditioning regimens are encouraging because of a low incidence of early mortality. However, retrospective analyses comparing low intensity and conventional conditioning regimens have yielded inconclusive results regarding long-term outcome. Co-morbid conditions present at the time of transplantation have a major negative effect on transplant outcome. Controlled prospective trials are needed.
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PMID:Hemopoietic cell transplantation as curative therapy of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders. 1678 87

We hypothesized that reducing the dosage of prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) would reduce the risk of relapse and toxicity after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical siblings. In a prospective phase II trial, 21 patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome underwent BMT from HLA-identical siblings and received GVHD prophylaxis consisting of low-dose (1.5 mg/kg per day) cyclosporin A (CSP) with short-term methotrexate (MTX) treatment. This low-dose group was compared with a group of retrospective control patients (n = 22) who received a standard CSP dosage (3.0 mg/kg per day) and MTX. One patient died of transplantation-related causes within 100 days. The regimen-related toxicity was quite tolerable. Although acute GVHD of grades II to III was more frequent in the low-dose group (47.6%) than in the control group (22.7%), the increase in acute GVHD did not significantly contribute to morbidity or mortality. There were no differences between the groups in the incidence and severity of chronic GVHD. The probabilities of relapse and survival of the groups were similar according to the risk for relapse at the time of transplantation. A prospective randomized study is required to determine whether low-dose or standard-dose CSP in combination with MTX is optimal for Japanese patients who undergo allogeneic BMT from HLA-identical siblings.
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PMID:Low-dose cyclosporin A with short-term methotrexate for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from human leukocyte antigen-identical siblings: a prospective phase II study in Japanese patients. 1686 9


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