Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carboplatin (CBDCA) is a second-generation platinum drug that has been shown to be useful when used as a continuous infusion in treatment of refractory adult leukemia. We report on the effectiveness of continuous infusion CBDCA, 300 mg/m2/d x 5 days, as evaluated in nine patients with secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (seven previous myelodysplastic syndrome and two treatment-associated ANLL), three ANLL patients in first relapse, six refractory ANLL, and nine patients with blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (BP-CML). All patients were considered assessable. The response rate was 44% (eight complete remissions [CRs], four partial remissions [PRs]). Median duration of postchemotherapy neutropenia was 36 days (range, 18 to 45). Therapy was well tolerated, and toxicity was mainly hematologic and nondose-limiting. Despite prolonged neutropenia, severe infections were rarely seen, and most patients were managed as outpatients. Twelve patients had nausea and vomiting, two had symptomatic hypomagnesemia, and one patient showed reversible ototoxicity. Because of substantial antileukemic activity and unusual extrahematologic toxicity, CBDCA appears to be an effective second-line agent in the treatment of ANLL and should be considered for upgrading to first-line treatment regimens.
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PMID:A phase II clinical trial of carboplatin infusion in high-risk acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. 198 71

Thirty-one patients (20 male and 11 female; median age 51 years (16-79)) with high-risk acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) (20 refractory AML and 11 secondary AML (s-AML) (four to myelodysplastic syndrome, five to chemo/radiotherapy, one to aplastic anemia and one blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia (B-CML)) were treated with CBDCA (300 mg/m2/day x 5 days in continuous i.v. infusion) plus intermediate-dose Ara-C (500 mg/m2/day x 3 days in rapid i.v. infusion). Nine patients (29%) achieved CR (five s-AML (three myelodysplastic syndromes, one CML and one ALL) and four refractory AML) and 11 patients had resistant disease. There were 11 early deaths (35%). Median disease-free survival of the nine responders was 4 months. The main toxicity was hematological, febrile episodes took place in nearly all the patients (96%). The CBDCA plus Ara-C regimen showed an evident antileukemic activity in high-risk leukemia. However, the lack of long-term disease-free survivors shows the need for innovative postremission strategies. The high initial response rate seen in AML secondary to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) warrants further investigation of CBDCA in combination regimens for MDS patients.
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PMID:Carboplatin plus cytarabine in the treatment of high-risk acute myeloblastic leukemia. 1002 88

Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and therapy-related leukemia (TRL) are reported increasingly often, and we report two cases of T-MDS after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with oral cancer. Patients underwent CCRT with cisplatin (CDDP) or carboplatin (CBDCA). The interval between primary CCRT and t-MDS was 11 months in 1 case and 14 years in the other. Chromosomal analysis indicated abnormal karyotypes. Platinum has a relatively lower t-MDS risk than alkylating agents or topoisomerase II inhibitors, but our experience supports concurrent use of radiotherapy with platinum affects the risk of t-MDS. If pancytopenia is detected after CCRT, bone marrow and cytogenetic examinations should be conducted to rule out T-MDS.
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PMID:[Two cases of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome after concurrent oral cancer chemoradiotherapy]. 2065 95