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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and cytogenetic findings were reevaluated in 941 consecutive patients with suspected neoplastic haematological conditions studied during 1973-1984. A total of 1652 attempts at cytogenetic analysis with banding technique were performed in 240 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), 177 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 157 with myelodysplasia (MDS), 82 with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), 114 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 42 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma or other lymphoproliferative disorders (NHL + LPD), and 120 patients with benign disorders. Only 1 patient with a benign disorder had an acquired clonal chromosomal abnormality (diagnostic specificity 0.99), whereas abnormalities were detected in 50.0% of patients with malignant haematologic disorders (diagnostic sensitivity 0.50). Success rate was 73-74.4% in ALL, MPD, and NHL + LPD, versus 87-94% in ANLL, MDS, CML, and benign disorders. The frequencies of detected abnormalities in diagnostic subgroups were within the limits of previous reports. Striking differences in cytogenetic pattern in relation to age were found in MDS and ANLL. Results from 1973-80 were compared to 1981-84. In spite of a marked reduction in failure rate of bone marrow (BM) analyses in the second time period, the fraction of patients with only inadequate cytogenetic analyses and the frequencies of detected chromosome abnormalities remained essentially unchanged. Peripheral blood samples had a high failure rate, and seldom provided additional information to BM analyses. Delay in transportation time of samples did not in general affect the outcome of cytogenetic analysis, with possible exceptions for a higher failure rate in ALL and lower frequency of detected abnormalities in ANLL.
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PMID:Cytogenetic analysis in 941 consecutive patients with haematologic disorders. 346 85

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematologic malignancies characterized by pancytopenia, dysplastic hematopoiesis, and a propensity to leukemic transformation. Increased apoptosis has been noted in MDS as a possible explanation for ineffective hematopoiesis, with lower levels in progression to and in de novo acute leukemia. Apoptosis can be measured by binding of Annexin V to exposed membrane phosphatidylserine. We postulated that the apoptotic index would aid in the differential diagnosis of MDS versus other hematopoietic diseases. We examined 33 bone marrow aspirates suspected of hematopoietic malignancy for apoptotic index by Annexin V analysis using a Becton Dickinson FACStar+ flow cytometer. The apoptotic index was expressed as the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells divided by total mononuclear cells in the gate. By standard morphologic analysis, 16 cases were diagnosed as MDS (9 refractory anemia [RA], 2 refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts [RARS], 1 refractory anemia with excess of blasts [RAEB], 3 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [CMML], and 1 unclassified), 11 as acute leukemia (AL), 6 as myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). Eight cases (uninvolved marrow of five patients with lymphoproliferative disorders [LPD], one patient with multiple myeloma, and two patients with anemia of chronic disease) served as nonneoplastic controls. A higher degree of apoptosis was observed in MDS (mean = 44.7%; range = 29.5--60%) compared with MPD (mean = 8.2%; range = 2.3--15.4%), AL (mean = 16.1%; range = 5.1--29.4%), and control marrow samples (mean = 11.6%; range = 1.5--21%). Additionally, the apoptotic index was significantly higher in MDS compared with MPD (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, a high apoptotic index occurs in MDS, supporting previous reports and suggesting that Annexin V analysis can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis of MDS versus MPD. This would be particularly useful for the often-difficult distinction between early MDS and early MPD cases with equivocal morphology.
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PMID:Apoptotic index by Annexin V flow cytometry: adjunct to morphologic and cytogenetic diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes. 1124 4

Two cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from unrelated donors are reported. 1 patient had been treated for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and the other for hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Because first line therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporin A (CsA) had failed, BMT was performed following a conditioning regimen of ATG, cyclophosphamide, and total lymphoid irradiation. Treatment for CMV retinitis was successfully carried out with gancyclovir (systemic and intraocular injection), foscarnet, and photocoagulation (Case 1) and gancyclovir and foscarnet (Case 2). Both patients also developed Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-LPD). We compared these 2 cases with 14 SAA patients who did not develop CMV retinitis after BMT using marrow from either HLA-identical siblings (n = 9) or from unrelated donors (n = 5). Unlike the retinitis patients, the latter 5 patients received ATG only once. The retinitis patients had significantly lower CD4+ T-cell levels in their peripheral blood than the 14 patients who did not develop CMV retinitis. We believe that repeated treatment with ATG and transplantation from unrelated donors may lead to immune dysfunction that could increase the likelihood of CMV retinitis, as well as LPD. For such BMT patients, regular ophthalmic examinations and careful testing for CMV antigenemia are recommended.
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PMID:Risk factors for cytomegalovirus retinitis following bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donors in patients with severe aplastic anemia or myelodysplasia. 1179 4

The coexistence of a myeloid and a lymphoid neoplasm in the same patient is a rare finding. We retrospectively searched the records of the Hematology Division of the Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute at Attikon University General Hospital of Athens from 2003 to 2018. Nine cases have been identified in a total of 244 BCR-/ABL1- negative MPN and 25 MDS/MPN patients and 1062 LPD patients referred to our institution between 2003 and 2018. Each case is distinct in the diversity of myeloid and lymphoid entities, the chronological occurrence of the two neoplasms, and the patient clinical course. All of them exhibit myeloproliferative (6 JAK2 V617F-positive cases) and lymphoproliferative features, with 1 monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), 3 B-chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL), 3 B-non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL), 1 multiple myeloma (MM), and 1 light and heavy deposition disease (LHCDD), while in three cases myelodysplasia is also present. The challenges in identifying and dealing with these rare situations in everyday clinical practice are depicted in this article.
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PMID:Coexistence of Myeloid and Lymphoid Neoplasms: A Single-Center Experience. 3178 Dec 24