Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with preleukemic myeloid neoplasia can develop nonhematologic disease. Five patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome presented with interstitial lung disease that heralded acute leukemia in 3. Chest radiographs showed diffuse interstitial opacities, and the lung biopsies showed diffuse cellular interstitial and fibrosing pneumonitis with prominent alveolar filling by macrophages. There was no evidence to support a drug-induced or infectious etiology, and all cases lacked an identifiable leukemic infiltration. The inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis were analyzed morphometrically, and this revealed a trend toward an indirect correlation between both CD68 cells and MPO-positive inflammatory cells and pulmonary fibrosis. We conclude that preleukemic myeloid neoplasia can be associated with an interstitial pneumonitis with histopathologic features that are distinguishable from both leukemic infiltration and "usual" nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.
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PMID:Diffuse cellular and fibrosing interstitial pneumonitis with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis-like features associated with myeloid neoplasia. 1965 3

Azacitidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog licensed for treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Azacitidine acts as an inducer of cell differentiation by causing demethylation and re-expression of genes silenced by hypermethylation. We report a 56-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome who developed interstitial lung disease after azacitidine therapy. Open lung biopsy revealed a nonresolving organizing pneumonia pattern and bronchocentric granulomatous pattern suggestive of drug-induced lung injury. Treatment with steroids and discontinuation of azacitidine led to resolution of interstitial lung disease. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score indicated that the association between azacitidine and interstitial lung disease was probable. Interstitial lung disease is a serious but uncommon side effect of this relatively safe drug. The mechanism underlying this is still unclear. The patient was subsequently treated with decitabine with no recurrence of interstitial lung disease.
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PMID:Interstitial lung disease associated with azacitidine use: a case report. 2063 71

The aims of this present study were to: 1) assess the characteristics of hematological malignancies in polymyositis/polymyositis (PM/DM) patients; and 2) determine predictive variables of hematological malignancies in PM/DM patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 32 patients (14 PM, 18 DM) associated with hematological malignancies. In our 32 PM/DM patients, hematological malignancy was concurrently identified (18.8%) or occurred during the course of PM/DM (31.2%); although, PM/DM more often preceded hematological malignancy onset (50%). We observed that the types of hematological malignancies varied, consisting of: B-cell lymphoma (n=20), T-cell lymphoma (n=4), Hodgkin's disease (n=2), multiple myeloma (n=1), myelodysplastic syndrome without excess of blasts (n=3), hairy cell (n=1) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (n=1). In 21 patients of our 32 patients with PM/DM-associated hematological malignancy (65.6% of cases), PM/DM paralleled the course of hematological malignancy. Finally, we observed that patients with PM/DM-associated hematological malignancies had a poor prognosis, the survival status ranging from 96.9%, 78.1% and 51.4% at 1, 3 and 5years, respectively. Interestingly, we found that patients with hematological malignancies, compared with those without were older and more frequently had DM; on the other hand, these patients less commonly exhibited: joint involvement (p=0.017), interstitial lung disease (p=0.06) and anti-Jo1 antibody (p=0.001). Taken together, our study underscores that the association between PM/DM and hematological malignancy, especially lymphoma, should not be ignored. Our findings also suggest that antisynthetase syndrome may be a protective factor of hematological malignancy in PM/DM patients.
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PMID:Hematological malignancy associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. 2207 77

Azacitidine is a demethylating and cytotoxic drug for the treatment of adult patients with (1) myelodysplastic syndromes, (2) chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and (3) acute myeloid leukemia who are not eligible for induction treatment or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Widely described in the literature, the main adverse events are hematotoxicity, digestive toxicity, asthenia, cutaneous toxicity, and infections such as neutropenic sepsis and pneumonia. The pivotal phase III comparative and supporting studies did not point out interstitial pneumonitis as a significant adverse event. Rare clinical data from literature report interstitial lung disease secondary to azacitidine administration, which should therefore be considered as a serious potential adverse event. We, herein, report a case of an 86-year-old white woman with acute myeloid leukemia and azacitidine-induced interstitial pneumonitis.
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PMID:Azacitidine-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis. 2637 47

Our primary aim was to identify potential risk factors and clinical outcome of azanucleoside induced pulmonary complications in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). We present an 89-year-old female with MDS derived AML who developed fatigability, hypoxemia, and bilateral lung infiltrates indicating interstitial lung disease after 11 cycles of azanucleoside. In addition, we describe a cohort of six MDS patients with fever, cough, dyspnea, and pulmonary infiltrates at early time point during azanucleoside treatment. Early and late onset of pulmonary manifestations suggest different pathogenic mechanisms. Brief azanucleoside discontinuation and steroids led to rapid improvement in symptoms.
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PMID:Pulmonary Complications of Azanucleoside Therapy in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. 2679 26