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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone marrow biopsies and smears were examined from 70 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related conditions: 32 patients with AIDS; 9, at risk, group patients with B-cell lymphoma; 22 patients with AIDS related complex (ARC) and 7, at risk, group patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The first three groups showed similarity with respect to frequency of nonspecific findings: hypo and hypercellularity, marrow damage, lymphoid aggregates, histiocytosis, plasmacytosis and features of myelodysplasia. AFB and fungal organisms were present in the biopsies of 17 per cent of AIDS and 18 per cent of ARC patients. The organisms were associated with bone marrow granulomas or histiocytosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anemia. Only one out of 9 biopsies in patients with previous diagnoses of lymphoma showed involvement of the marrow. One case each of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were discovered incidentally among the 22 biopsies from ARC patients without a previous diagnosis of lymphoma. Except for those presenting with ITP alone, bone marrow changes are similar in patients with AIDS and AIDS related conditions.
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PMID:A comparison of bone marrow findings in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related conditions. 349 63

We reviewed 2110 bone marrow aspirations from the same number of patients to establish the incidence and associations of peripheral and bone marrow basophilia. Of these, 125 cases of marrow basophilia (5.9% incidence) and 63 cases of peripheral basophilia (3.0% incidence) were identified. There were 33 patients with simultaneous marrow and peripheral basophilia, which was only significantly associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (24 cases). Isolated peripheral basophilia was rarely seen (30 patients, 1.4% incidence) and it did not reflect any significant pathologic association. Marrow basophilia was significantly present in chronic myeloproliferative disorders, idiopathic myelodysplasia, certain erythrocyte disorders, such as iron deficiency anemia, and aplastic anemia. The incidence of marrow basophilia in patients with lymphoma, acute leukemia, or solid carcinoma was not significantly different from what it would be as a chance occurrence. Our findings suggest that marrow basophilia is a specific, but not sensitive, marker of myeloproliferative and dysmyelopoietic syndromes.
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PMID:Incidence and clinical significance of peripheral and bone marrow basophilia. 350 57

The role played by T lymphocytes in myelopoiesis has been established in in vitro studies. Dysregulation of the lymphoid system results in quantitative and, more rarely, qualitative abnormalities of myelopoiesis. The authors report the clinical data of two cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma associated with an AREB type of dysmyelopoiesis. The fact that both conditions were diagnosed simultaneously and progressed in parallel is an indirect argument in favour of the regulation of myelopoiesis by the T lymphocytes.
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PMID:[Dysmyelopoiesis and T lymphoma. 2 cases]. 355 6

The use of supralethal chemoradiotherapy followed by marrow transplantation has progressed from being an experimental approach applied only to a limited number of end-stage patients to an important therapeutic option appropriate for many adults with a variety of hematologic malignancies. With the use of transplantation, 10% to 30% of patients with relapsed leukemia and approximately 50% of patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first remission can be cured. Cures have also been seen in a variety of other hematologic malignancies, including chronic granulocytic leukemia, preleukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and malignant lymphoma. Transplantation is currently limited by the need for a suitable marrow donor; by the complications of the transplant procedure, including infection, graft-versus-host disease, and the toxicities of intensive chemoradiotherapy; and by the risk of recurrent disease. Some of these limitations will likely be overcome as a result of current research. The use of partially matched family members and matched unrelated donors will make transplantation available to more patients. Some forms of posttransplant infection, including those associated with herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus, can now be prevented or treated. Improved methods of controlling graft-versus-host disease including T-cell depletion of marrow and the use of more effective immunosuppressive agents, as well as a better understanding of the toxicities of the preparative regimens, are making the transplant procedure safer and more tolerable. Finally, the development of better preparative regimens and transplantation earlier in the patient's disease course will likely allow for a larger percentage of patients to be cured.
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PMID:Treatment of acute leukemia in adults with chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. 388 38

Marrow transplantation is effective treatment for a number of hematological diseases in patients under the age of 50 who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. It is successful in the treatment of aplastic anemia with 70-85% long-term survival. It offers 10-30% apparent cures for patients with acute leukemia who have relapsed at least once, and for those with chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis. Although still somewhat controversial, it appears to be the treatment of choice for patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in first chemotherapy induced remission, and for those with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the chronic phase since approximately 50-60% of these patients experience long-term, disease-free survival. Patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia grafted in second or subsequent remission may expect a 30% "cure" of their disease. Marrow grafting is the only effective treatment for many patients with inherited immunologic deficiencies and certain genetic storage diseases. Cures of congenital Fanconi's anemia, Blackfan-Diamond anemia, osteopetrosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and thalassemia major have been achieved. Marrow transplantation is being explored for the therapy of patients with lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, preleukemia, multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, small cell lung cancer, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma. Marrow transplantation has been limited by the fact that many patients do not have HLA-identical siblings and very few have monozygotic twins. More recently, marrow transplants from HLA-nonidentical family members and even from unrelated donors have been successfully explored.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Marrow transplantation: the Seattle experience. 391 47

Microscopic and medical review of twenty-six patients with skin biopsy specimens that showed granulomatous vasculitis demonstrated vascular histiocytic granulomas with fibrinoid destruction of blood vessels in the dermis and panniculus. Cultures of the biopsy specimens were nonspecific. The skin lesions varied from erythema to papulonodular and vesicular eruptions; they were usually on the extremities but also involved the trunk. Eight patients had systemic lymphoproliferative diseases: three, lymphoma; two, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; two, preleukemia; and one, chronic granulocytic leukemia. Five of these eight patients died within 2 years after the onset of skin lesions. The four patients with systemic vasculitis died within 1 year after the onset of skin lesions. Five patients with arthritis, four with gastrointestinal disease, three with systemic sarcoidosis or sarcoidlike disease, and one with tuberculosis had a more favorable prognosis. The histologic pattern of cutaneous nonlymphomatoid granulomatous vasculitis is associated with significant systemic disease, especially lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or systemic vasculitis have a much poorer prognosis than those with inflammatory or infectious granulomatous disease.
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PMID:Cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis: its relationship to systemic disease. 395 62

There is no doubt about the leukemogenic effect of benzene in man. The evidence is as follows: (1) The incidence of leukemia in shoeworkers exposed to benzene in a period of 8 years in Istanbul was 13.6/100,000, which is significantly higher than that for leukemia in the general population. (2) Following the phase-out of benzene in Istanbul, the number of leukemic workers decreased and none were reported in the subsequent 3 years. (3) The development of leukemia in pancytopenic patients with benzene exposure was observed in 13 out of 51 patients. (4) The differences in the distribution of the types of leukemia in individuals exposed and in nonexposed groups were as follows: acute leukemia 96.1% in the former group, and 46% in the latter group. The high percentages of acute erythroleukemia and preleukemia were other interesting findings in the exposed group. (5) Two cases of leukemia were observed in a 6-year period at a tire cord manufacturing plant with 550 workers. At one location in the plant the concentration of benzene measured by gas chromatography was nearly 110 ppm. Additionally, we have studied 12 cases of malignant lymphoma, four cases of multiple myeloma, and six cases of lung cancer, all of whom were chronically exposed to benzene. The possible role of benzene in the etiology of these malignancies is discussed.
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PMID:Malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene. 400 2

The relationship of the leukemogenic and natural killer (NK)-suppressive effects of fractionated doses of gamma-radiation in mice was studied. A/J mice were relatively resistant; CBA/J, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 were susceptible to both the NK-suppressive and leukemogenic effects, and young (1 mo old) C57BL/6 mice were more susceptible than were 2- and 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice to both effects. Age-dependent susceptibility to radiation-induced leukemogenesis also was observed in C57BL/6 (bg/bg) (beige) mice. No differences in incidence and latent period of lymphoma development were found between C57BL/6 (+/+) and beige mice. Bone marrow cells (BMC) from normal C57BL/6 donors reconstituted the NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 (+/+) or beige recipients and inhibited leukemogenesis. Although BMC of beige donors did not reconstitute the NK reactivity of irradiated C57BL/6 (+/+) or beige recipients, these cells were as efficient for antileukemic protection as were BMC from C57BL/6 (+/+) mice. The bone marrow of irradiated mice contained preleukemia cells that produced leukemias when transplanted iv into recipients preirradiated with 400 R. Inoculation (iv) of spleen cells (SpC) from syngeneic nude mice plus preleukemia bone marrow cells (PBMC) were able to inhibit leukemia formation in the 400 R-irradiated recipients. SpC from beige mice, normal C57BL/6 (+/+) mice, or C57BL/6 (+/+) mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 serum had no influence on the development of leukemia after their transplantation with PBMC.
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PMID:Evaluation of role of natural killer cells in radiation-induced leukemogenesis in mice. 637 39

Granulocyte--colony stimulating factor (G-CSF, filgrastim) is a glycoprotein hormone of the hematopoietin family that primarily influences the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocytic precursors. As with all glyco-protein hormones, G-CSF interacts with target cells by binding to specific cell-surface receptors. It stimulates proliferation, differentiation and activation of cells of the neutrophil--granulocyte lineage and has been investigated as therapy for patients with various neutropenic conditions. A major use for recombinant G-CSF therapy will be in ameliorating the neutropenia which follows cytoreductive chemotherapy. The increase in neutrophils produced by this factor render it a useful treatment for conditions such as congenital, acquired and cyclic neutropenias. It may be an effective therapy in myelodysplasia and aplastic anaemia. G-CSF is also useful in accelerating the recovery of transplanted bone marrow in patients with leukaemia, lymphoma and solid tumors. G-CSF is well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse effect is mild to moderate bone pain.
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PMID:[Biological properties and clinical application of filgrastim (G-CSF)]. 750 84

In an attempt to obtain a synergistic effect on the hemoglobin levels in anaemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (epo) were combined in a clinical phase II trial. Twenty-two patients with MDS were included in the study. G-CSF was given alone for six weeks and then in combination with epo for the following twelve weeks. Eight (38%) of 21 evaluable patients showed a significant increase in hemoglobin. One patient with a previous response and subsequent failure to epo alone improved after the addition of G-CSF. Responses were more frequent in patients with less advanced pancytopenia, lower endogenous levels of serum-epo and in those with ring sideroblasts in the bone marrow. The response frequency of 38% is higher than in any study of epo as monotherapy. Moreover, patients with ring sideroblasts, who respond poorly to epo alone, showed a response rate of 60%. Our findings suggest a synergistic in vivo effect of granulocyte-CSF and erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Leuk Lymphoma 1993 Oct
PMID:A combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin may synergistically improve the anaemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. 750 47


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