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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg were used as conditioning prior to allogeneic marrow transplantation in 50 adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). A standard risk group of 20 patients included those with acute leukemia in remission and CML in chronic phase. A high-risk group of 30 patients included individuals with refractory acute leukemia, acute leukemia in relapse, acute leukemia following preleukemia, and CML in accelerated and blastic phase. Complete remission and sustained complete engraftment were achieved in all evaluable patients. The duration of aplasia was remarkably short (median of 8 days), resulting in a low infection rate during the period of neutropenia, a reduced need for blood product support, and a short length of hospital stay. Three-year actuarial relapse-free survival in both standard-risk (88.9% +/- 10.5%) and high-risk (50.5% +/- 9.6%) groups compares favorably with that reported with total body irradiation (TBI) containing regimens.
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PMID:Bone marrow transplantation for leukemia following a new busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen. 331 Dec 3

Six of 70 (8.6%) consecutive cases with therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) or preleukemia had a translocation or deletion with a breakpoint on 21q. Such aberrations were seen in only one of 200 (0.5%) consecutive cases of de novo ANLL examined at our laboratory. The figures reflect a 17.1-fold increased incidence of 21q aberrations in therapy-related ANLL or preleukemia, compared with ANLL de novo. The difference is highly significant (p = 0.003). The increased incidence of 21q aberrations in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes was confirmed by literature studies. Band 21q22 was most often involved. Cases with t(8;21), which is strongly associated with the M2 variant of ANLL, or cases with i(21q), which is supposedly due to a centromeric misdivision, were not included in the count. It is concluded that the 21q aberrations are associated with treatment-related ANLL or preleukemia with at least the same degree of specificity as aberrations of #5 and #7.
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PMID:Translocations and deletions with breakpoint on 21q are nonrandomly associated with treatment-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and preleukemia. 331 51

Vitamin C was shown to be an essential requirement for the growth of mouse myeloma cells in an in vitro colony assay. Human leukemia (acute nonlymphocytic leukemia) cell colonies grow well in a similar in vitro culture system, and vitamin C has been shown to enhance the growth of leukemic cell colonies in 77 (35%) of 219 leukemic patients while none of 34 normal bone marrows tested simultaneously shows growth enhancement by this vitamin. This vitamin C effect is reproducible in repeated experiments in same patients, specific to this vitamin, selective for leukemic cells, and is proven to be biological in nature. Further, leukemic cells are mobilized back and forth between cycling and resting states with vitamin C supplementation/depletion. Our more recent study indicates that the preleukemia (myelodysplastic syndrome), generally known to be related to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, has similar pattern in terms of vitamin C sensitivity, with 8 of 25 patients (32%) showing the growth enhancement with this vitamin.
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PMID:Vitamin C in leukemia and preleukemia cell growth. 336 76

Between 1980 and 1986, we diagnosed refractory anaemia (RA), according to the FAB classification, in 69 patients, who constituted 22% of the 312 cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) seen over that period. The haematological features were variable, with pancytopenia in 14 cases (20%), bicytopenia in 24 (36%) and mono-cytopenia in the remaining patients, including 21 (30%) cases of anemia alone, 8 (12%) cases of refractory neutropenia and 2 (3%) cases of refractory thrombocytopenia. Myelodysplastic features were also quite variable, involving one, two or all three lineages. In patients with a single cytopenia or only one dysplastic lineage, FAB criteria appeared insufficient for adequate inclusion among RA and we suggest more precise diagnostic criteria, resulting from the utilization of cytogenetics, ferrokinetics, progenitor cultures and perhaps molecular biology, in such cases. Median survival was 42 months. 12 patients (17%) progressed to RAEB (of whom 7 finally developed ANLL) and 4 patients (6%) to CMML. In spite of the heterogeneity of haematological features, only two factors were associated with poor prognosis, namely age greater than 70 yr at diagnosis and haemoglobin less than 10 g/dl, whereas, to a lesser extent, neutropenia was associated with progression to RAEB.
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PMID:Refractory anaemia according to the FAB classification: a report on 69 cases. 336 22

Chromosome analyses were carried out on bone marrow cells from 43 consecutive patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group criteria. The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities and of an excess of blasts for early death from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and/or bone marrow failure (BMF). Patients were subdivided into two main groups: (1) refractory anemia without an excess of blasts (RAWEB), grouping patients with refractory anemia (RA) and refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS), and (2) refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB), grouping patients with refractory anemia with an excess of blasts (RAEB) and refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBt). There were 29 patients with RAWEB and 14 with RAEB. The median time of observation was 26 months for RAWEB and 12 months for RAEB. Ten RAWEB patients (34%) and 11 RAEB patients (78%) had clonal chromosomal abnormalities. Among the ten RAWEB patients with clonal abnormalities, one (10%) died from ANLL, while of 19 RAWEB patients with a normal karyotype, two (10%) died from ANLL or BMF. The median survival for patients with RAWEB and an abnormal karyotype was not reached. In contrast, eight of the 11 RAEB patients with clonal chromosomal abnormalities (74%) died from ANLL or BMF. The median survival in this sub-group was 7 months. By using a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, it was determined that a karyotype abnormality was not a significant predictory of survival once the contribution of the RAWEB/RAEB variable was taken into account. Being in the RAEB group was associated with a relative risk of 10.6 of dying from ANLL or BMF (beta = 2.36, standard error (SE) = 0.68, P = .0001). We conclude that classifying patients according to an excess of blasts will lead to a better prediction of survival than determining karyotype abnormality.
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PMID:Prognostic value of clonal chromosomal abnormalities in patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes. 336 32

Pluripotent (CFU-MIX), erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells were examined in bone marrow (BM) from 23 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Patients were grouped according to the FAB classification: Refractory anemia (RA), n = 3; RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS), n = 3; RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), n = 8; RA with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBt), n = 7; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), n = 2. In FAB groups RA, RARS, RAEB and RAEBt CFU-GM concentrations were normal or decreased but both CMML-patients had increased CFU-GM values. Abnormal cluster growth was observed in 9 of 23 MDS-patients. BFU-E colony formation was subnormal in all cases. Mixed-colony assay values were at the lower limit of controls in one patient and decreased in the remaining 22 MDS-patients. A similar growth pattern of hemopoietic progenitor cells was observed in 19 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), who were studied for comparison. These data suggest a quantitative or qualitative/functional defect of the pluripotent progenitor cell compartment as the major cause for the cytopenia in MDS-patients.
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PMID:Deficiency of pluripotent hemopoietic progenitor cells in myelodysplastic syndromes. 339 Jun 17

Many nonrandom chromosome abnormalities, usually autosomal in nature, have been found to be associated with specific types of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Specific abnormalities involving the sex chromosomes are rare. We have recently identified a structural abnormality of the X chromosome, for example, idic(X)(q13) in three patients: two with MDS progressing to ANLL and one with ANLL de novo. All three patients were elderly females with a very aggressive form of ANLL. Six other patients with a similar abnormality have been discovered in the literature; all having either MDS or ANLL and a short survival. It is suggested that the abnormality identifies a subset of MDS and ANLL occurring in elderly females.
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PMID:Isodicentric X chromosomes involving the Xq13 breakpoint in myelodysplasia and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 342 47

A translocation involving the short arm of chromosome #1 and the short arm of chromosome #7, [t(1;7)(p11;p11)] was present in four patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Two of these patients had prior lymphoproliferative disorders and developed MDS following prolonged therapy with alkylating agents. One of the patients with prior therapy history has two additional independent abnormal clones: one with a partial deletion of the long arm of #7 and the other with t(1;7)(q21;q11). A third patient had a family history of leukemia in both the father and a brother, both of whom developed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following an MDS phase. The last patient was an elderly woman with no predisposing features.
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PMID:Four patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with translocation (1;7)(p11;p11) including one patient with independent clones del(7)q22) [corrected] and t(1;7)(q21;q11) 342 49

The incidence of characteristic nonrandom chromosome aberrations in malignant cells of unselected, consecutively studied, and previously untreated patients from various geographic regions has been surveyed. The results demonstrate significant geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of the specific aberrations considered among the four malignant disorders studied in a sufficient number to permit conclusions, viz., acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia vera, and myelodysplastic syndrome.
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PMID:Geographic heterogeneity of chromosome aberrations in hematologic disorders. 345 65

A patient presented with a myelodysplastic syndrome and bone marrow eosinophilia that evolved six months later into an acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Cytogenetic analyses of the bone marrow revealed 86% of the metaphases with 45,X-Y,inv(16)(p13;q22),t(11;17) (q11;q25),del(21)(q13) and 14% of the metaphases with the same abnormalities but with a Y chromosome. The association of ANLL, bone marrow eosinophilia, and abnormal chromosome 16 has previously been reported and has been suggested to have a favorable prognosis. Our patient is unique in that ANLL was preceded by a preleukemic phase associated with bone marrow eosinophilia. When complete remission was achieved, the bone marrow cytogenetics returned to normal, and the eosinophilia disappeared.
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PMID:A myelodysplastic syndrome with marrow eosinophilia terminating in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, associated with an abnormal chromosome 16. 346 39


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