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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is a common abnormality in the bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). This study was undertaken to characterize the chromosome breakpoints in molecular terms and to determine if hemizygosity or submicroscopic deletions occur in patients without any cytogenetically detectable abnormality of chromosome 7. We studied restriction fragment length polymorphisms with 10 chromosome 7-specific DNA probes in separated WBC fractions. No molecular abnormalities occurred in lymphocyte-derived DNA. Several probes located in band 7q22 or distally thereof detected deletion of one allele in granulocyte-derived DNA from all four patients with chromosome 7 long arm deletion. In the granulocytes of one patient heterozygosity for the T cell receptor beta chain gene (in band 7q35) indicated that the deletion was interstitial. NJ-3, a proalpha2(I)collagen gene probe (in band 7q21-22) detected heterozygosity in the granulocytes of one patient. No hemizygosity or deletions were found in four patients with two normal chromosomes 7. These results confirm that mature granulocytes but not lymphocytes are derived from the abnormal clone. Interstitial deletions exist, and the extent of deleted genomic material varies among patients.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of chromosome 7 long arm deletions in myeloid disorders. 288 83

Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias after treatment for Hodgkin's disease (HD) are well recognized. Preleukemic changes are commonly seen. Three patients from the authors' files are found with myelofibrosis and bone marrow lymphocytosis after treatment for HD. Although somewhat unusual, the clinical impression initially was, in each case, isolated recurrence of HD involving the bone marrow, 6 to 11 years after initial diagnosis. In each case, after single or multiple marrow aspirates and biopsies were done, the differential between HD involving the marrow and myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrates was made. The absence of diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells was useful in diagnosing the latter. All three patients died of causes related to cytopenias, with two having progressed to overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Myelofibrosis with lymphocytic infiltrates in the marrow, without diagnostic RS cells, in patients' status after treatment for HD, should alert one to the possibility of myelodysplasia.
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PMID:Myelodysplasia with bone marrow lymphocytosis and fibrosis mimicking recurrent Hodgkin's disease. 275 Jul 3

Complete or partial monosomy for the long arm of chromosomes 5 and/or 7 is frequently observed in malignant cells from patients with a therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (t-ANLL). Partial monosomy is usually the result of a chromosomal deletion; however, unbalanced translocations have also been observed. We have identified one such translocation in three patients who had either t-ANLL or a primary MDS. The genetic consequences of this translocation [-5,-7,+der(5)t(5;7)(q11.2;p11.2)] are partial monosomy for the long arm of chromosome 5 and complete monosomy for the long arm of chromosome 7. Thus, this rearrangement may represent a new, recurring abnormality that is associated with malignant myeloid disorders.
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PMID:Der(5)t(5;7)(q11.2;p11.2): a new recurring abnormality in malignant myeloid disorders. 291 26

Six of 796 patients treated with intensive combination chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung developed overt acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (three patients) or preleukemia with severe refractory cytopenia and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in bone marrow cells (three patients). The latent period to development of preleukemia or leukemia was less than two years in four of the six patients. The cumulative risk of preleukemia and leukemia according to a Kaplan-Meier estimate was 14.0% +/- 6.9% (mean +/- SE) four years after the start of treatment. The relative risk of overt ANLL was 77, since three cases were observed v 0.039 cases expected, based on the age- and sex-specific incidence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in the general Danish population. The risk of secondary solid tumors was not increased. The possible causes of the exceptionally early appearance and very high cumulative risk of leukemic complications found in the present study, as compared to previous experience in other malignant diseases, is discussed, including the implications for future therapy of patients with small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, preleukemia, and solid tumors following intensive chemotherapy of small cell carcinoma of the lung. 299 12

Different and unrelated chromosome changes were found to occur in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome with rapid evolution to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A 6p anomaly was found during the chronic phase and a del(9q) characterized the cells in the leukemic phase. Deletions with a breakpoint in 9q31 appeared to be associated with more aggressive disease.
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PMID:6p+ and 9q- in two chromosomally distinct clones occurring in a case of myelodysplastic syndrome evolving to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 305 97

Although the cytologic type of acute leukemia can often be suspected on the basis of conventional panoptically stained specimens, it is important to document as precisely as possible the type of leukemia before the institution of specific treatment. At the present time, this documentation can usually be achieved with cytochemical stains that demonstrate enzymes and/or metabolites of diagnostic value. Additional immunocytochemical stains can often identify cells of ambiguous origin on the basis of cell-specific properties such as antigens. Immunophenotyping has proven to be of considerable value in the diagnosis and classification of ALL. At present, the practicality of surface antigen phenotyping in ANLL remains to be documented. The identification of hybrid leukemia is clearly facilitated with immunologic markers. Present criteria for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome do not include immunophenotyping. By use of a combination of morphologic criteria, traditional cytochemical stains, and immunocytochemical techniques, it is possible to establish the cell of origin in the large majority of cases of acute leukemia. Those rare cases in which the usual patterns of reactivity do not occur provide additional stimuli to develop new cytochemical and immunologic methods that will help to establish the origin of the leukemic blast.
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PMID:Cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry in bone marrow examination: contemporary techniques for the diagnosis of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. A combined approach. 306 17

We report 2 cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after thiotepa instillation into the bladder for superficial bladder carcinoma and review 4 additional cases from the literature. Intravesical thiotepa is absorbed systemically in patients with bladder carcinoma and such treatment may be associated with the rare occurrence of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and/or the myelodysplastic syndrome.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia after thiotepa instillation into the bladder: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. 311 Apr 36

gamma-Interferon (IFN-gamma) has previously been found to induce monocytic differentiation in established leukemic cell lines, such as HL-60 and U937. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differentiative effect of highly purified recombinant (r)IFN-gamma on fresh bone marrow cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (n = 11) or myelodysplastic syndromes (n = 3). Blast cells were cultured in suspension in the presence or absence of rIFN-gamma (10-10(3) U/ml). While 6 out of 14 cases were unresponsive to rIFN-gamma in vitro, the remaining 8 patients showed a significant increase (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.001) in the percentage of cells expressing C3bi receptors, detected by OKM1 (median value in control cell, 9.5; median value in rIFN-gamma-treated cells, 31) and Mo1 (8.5 vs. 36), and in the percentage of cells expressing the monocytic antigens detected by Mo2 (8 vs. 28) and MY4 (6.5 vs. 32.5). In the responsive patients morphologic changes consistent with monocytic maturation, as well as a strong increase of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity and of nitroblue tetrazolium reducing capability were observed upon culture with rIFN-gamma. We conclude that (a) rIFN-gamma may induce in vitro monocytic differentiation of blasts from acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients, and that (b) this agent should be investigated for its capacity to be active in vivo.
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PMID:Recombinant gamma-interferon induces in vitro monocytic differentiation of blast cells from patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. 312 8

A 5-year-old girl with refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT) terminating in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is reported. The patient's serum had an inhibitory effect on normal hemopoiesis. T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies revealed a decrease in helper/inducer T cell population (OKT4-positive cells) and inversion of the T4/T8 ratio. It is suggested that imbalance in immunoregulatory T cells, which has a crucial role in the control of hemopoiesis, may be a primary event in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome which eventually develops into an overt leukemia.
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PMID:Disturbances of T lymphocyte subsets preceding refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation in a child. 312 67

From 1978 to 1985, we observed eight cases of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or preleukemia, three cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia in patients previously treated exclusively with radiotherapy for other tumor types. The latent period from administration of radiotherapy to development of leukemia varied between 12 and 243 months. Clonal chromosome aberrations reported previously as characteristic of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following therapy with alkylating agents were observed in three of the eight patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (5q- and -7) and in two of the three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (-7 and 12p-). All three patients with radiotherapy-related chronic myeloid leukemia presented a t(9;22)(q34;q11). The results suggest that cytogenetic characteristics may reflect the etiology in radiation-induced acute leukemias, whereas radiation-related chronic myeloid leukemia does not seem to differ chromosomally from de novo cases of the disease.
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PMID:Cytogenetic, clinical, and cytologic characteristics of radiotherapy-related leukemias. 316 96


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