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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytogenetic data of 77 patients (47 adults and 30 children) with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute non-lymphoid leukemia are evaluated with regard to the morphological types of leukemia and prognosis. The groups of the adult patients were found to be different in the frequency and types of non-random chromosome aberrations. In patients with secondary leukemias and mutagen-related leukemias the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was higher than in those with the idiopathic form of the disease. Specific abnormalities were total or partial loss of chromosome 5 and/or 7, and an additional chromosome 8. In contradistinction to these the patients with primary leukemias had specific translocations associated with pseudodiploidy. We found the frequency of aberrations in adults exposed to mutagen agents similar to that in children with ANLL, but the types of aberrations were similar to those of adults without any exposition. Comparing the median duration of remission and survival of patients' groups with different cytogenetic findings we found the chromosome aberrations to be of prognostic value. The present data demonstrate the usefullness of cytogenetic investigations in the diagnosis of the disease and in morphological and etiological classification of patients.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of chromosome number deviations in myelodysplastic syndromes and in acute non-lymphoid leukemia]. 265 51

One thousand four hundred sixty patients with 2,590 patient-years of follow-up were treated on 15 protocols for metastatic breast cancer with dibromodulcitol (mitolactol; DBD)-containing regimens since 1976. Twenty-three patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The overall risk of developing MDS or ANLL per person is 1.6%. In patients who had received more than 16,000 mg of DBD the risk per person is 6%, and in the high-dose subsets of patients who received no prior radiation or alkylator therapy, it is 7.9%. The risk per person increases to a maximum by 30 to 36 months (5.3%). The high risk was seen despite a study population of metastatic breast cancer patients with a median survival of 16 months. This analysis strongly suggests that DBD is one of the most potent of the reported leukemogenic-inducing agents. Further use of this drug in both the adjuvant and metastatic situation should be reconsidered.
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PMID:Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia secondary to mitolactol treatment in patients with breast cancer. 815 29

Two patients with acute leukemia were found to have trisomy 11 as the sole chromosomal abnormality. This karyotype has previously been reported in adults with the myelodysplastic syndrome or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). In contrast to previously described cases, both of these patients were young and female. One patient with ANLL had sequential karyotype analysis with trisomy 11 both at presentation and relapse with apparent loss during remission. The other patient had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) both at presentation and at relapse, although the karyotype was only obtained at relapse. This is the first report of trisomy 11 in ALL.
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PMID:Characteristics of trisomy 11 in childhood acute leukemia with review of the literature. 267 63

By use of limiting dilution assay, it is confirmed that most of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, had defect in the stage of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cell. With light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, colonies which originated from leukemic progenitor cells (L-CFU) were ascertained. The incorporated rates of 3H-TdR and 55 + 59Fe showed that proliferative manner of LCFU was apparently different from that of normal adults.
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PMID:[Studies on CFU-Mix in 54 cases of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome]. 273 36

A whole-arm translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 7 and the long arm of chromosome 1 occurs nonrandomly in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In situ hybridization, using alpha satellite DNA specific for the centromeric regions of chromosomes 1 (probe pSD1-1) and 7 (probe p21-4), was performed to determine the exact breakpoints of the translocation. Both probes hybridized to the centromeric region of the translocation chromosome in metaphases from two patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Both probes hybridized with approximately equal strength to either chromosome 1 or 7 and to the 1;7 translocation chromosome, suggesting that the t(1;7) had retained the chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA from both chromosomes. These studies permit us to propose a new description, t(1;7)(cen;cen), for this translocation.
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PMID:Determination of the breakpoints of 1;7 translocations in myelodysplastic syndrome by in situ hybridization using chromosome-specific alpha satellite DNA from human chromosomes 1 and 7. 274 17

A case of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (t-MDS) in 66-year-old male patient is reported. The patient was diagnosed as having multiple myeloma in July 1983. Cyclophosphamide was given since September 1984, and melphalan was added since June 1986. Radiation therapy was not performed. Mild, slowly aggravating pancytopenia developed in July 1987. By December 1987, the hemoglobin level dropped to 6.0 g/dl, leukocytes to 2,800/microliters, and platelets to 15,000/microliters. At that time, 27% of the bone marrow cells were blasts and 23.3% monocytoid cells. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of t-MDS was made. He was managed by supportive care only, but the monocytoid cells increased rapidly in number and he died of pulmonary bleeding in March 1988. Chromosomal banding studies of the bone marrow cells revealed dir ins [inv (17) (p13q21); 21] (q21; p13q22) in all the 11 metaphases examined, but chromosomes No. 5 and 7 were normal. However, Keldsen et al reported that chromosome 21q rearrangements were nonrandomly associated with t-MDS and t-acute nonlymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:[Chromosome 21 rearrangement in a case of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome in multiple myeloma]. 274 76

Evaluation of anti-HLA antibody (HLA-Ab) by lymphocytotoxicity test (LCT) was reviewed in 69 patients with hematopoietic diseases. Twenty-five (36.2%) of these 69 patients developed HLA-Ab at some time during their treatment course. In patient characteristics, eleven of 32 patients with ANLL (34.4%), one of ten patients with ALL (10%), four of nine patients with CML-BC (44.4%), six of seven patients with AA (85.7%), two of four patients with MDS (50%), and one of seven patients with other types (14.3%), who had random-donor transfusion, developed HLA-Ab. Transfused leukocytes count during two months from initial transfusion were compared between LCT positive group and LCT negative group. There were no significant differences between leukocytes count (13.8 x 10(9] of LCT positive group and that (14.2 x 10(9] of LCT negative group. As the result, we can enumerate the following factors, which are important to develop HLA-Ab. The HLA phenotype and immunity of patients may have a more important role than total transfusion volume. The longterm and continuous transfusion may increase the possibility to develop HLA-Ab. The transfusion purging leukocytes may diminish the occasions of alloimmunization. HLA-matched platelet transfusions were best against the patients who developed HLA-Ab and became refractory to platelet transfusion.
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PMID:[Measurement of anti-HLA antibody by lymphocytotoxicity test in patients with hematopoietic diseases]. 279 92

Alkylating agents have been the major group of chemotherapeutic agents associated with an increased incidence of secondary leukemias. In ovarian cancer alkylating agents have resulted in a lesser, although still increased, risk of secondary malignancies. This paper reports two cases of ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), and the subsequent development of an acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and a preleukemia syndrome. This regimen does not contain alkylating agents, and has not been associated with leukemia in patients with ovarian cancer. In these two cases, abnormalities of chromosomes 5, 7, 11, and 17 are reported which have been shown to occur in therapy-related leukemia.
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PMID:Development of leukemia after doxorubicin and cisplatin treatment for ovarian cancer. 281 55

Superoxide anion (O2-) production by neutrophils from 14 untreated patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) was significantly less than that of healthy controls (4.93 +/- 1.99 vx 6.20 +/- 1.53 nmol/min/10(6) neutrophils, p less than 0.05). In 10 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), however, it was not significantly different from the control level although 6 of the 10 patients had low levels, when individual patients were compared with the lower limit of the control range. An inverse correlation between the O2- production of neutrophils and the percentage of leukemic cells in the marrow existed in ANLL (r = -0.55, p less than 0.01), but not in MDS. Three of 4 MDS patients who died of pneumonia prior to leukemic conversion showed a low level of O2- production. The impaired O2- production by neutrophils from some MDS patients, probably due to the faulty differentiation from leukemic clones, may be one of the causes of enhanced susceptibility to infection.
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PMID:Superoxide anion production by neutrophils in myelodysplastic syndromes (preleukemia). 283 18

Monosomy for all or part of chromosome 7 in bone marrow mitoses of some patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia has been associated with a defect in granulocyte function. To study which blood-cell lineages are affected by the monosomy, we used chromosome 7-specific DNA probes in Southern blotting experiments on DNA derived from specific cell fractions isolated from the blood of five patients. As judged by the presence or absence of two different alleles for restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms, lymphocytes of all five patients were shown to have two different chromosomes 7. Granulocytes were affected by the chromosomal abnormality in four patients (No. 1, 2, 4, and 5) and unaffected in one (No. 3). Chemotaxis was normal in Patient 3 and impaired in Patients 4 and 5. Monocytes were affected by the monosomy in two of three patients (No. 2 and 3) and mainly unaffected in one (No. 1). Thus, the granulocytes and monocytes were affected differently in different patients. We conclude that mature blood cells are derived from abnormal progenitors and that there may be heterogeneity in the involvement of different cell lineages in different patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. There is an association between DNA loss and functional impairment.
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PMID:Monosomy 7 in granulocytes and monocytes in myelodysplastic syndrome. 288 Feb 96


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