Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The outcomes of 39 patients with hematological disorders who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from September 1986 to March 1992 were reported. The length of follow-up was six to 50 months. Twenty patients with acute leukemia, eight patients with aplastic anemia, seven patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and two patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were included. Major complications were acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (17 cases out of 36 evaluable cases; 47 percent), chronic GVHD (13/25; 52 percent), sepsis (20/41; 49 percent), interstitial pneumonitis (IP) (10/30; 33 percent), and veno-occlusive disease (VOD) of the liver (5/41; 12 percent). Acute and chronic GVHD were well managed with cyclosporin, methotrexate, and steroids. VOD of the liver seemed to be associated with the pretransplant regimen including busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The overall probability of disease free survival of 39 patients who had undergone allogeneic BMT was 0.56. This includes nine high risk cases such as HLA antigen mismatch between the donor and the recipient, and as in the second or subsequent remission or in relapsed cases. The probability of disease free survival in patients with acute leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and aplastic anemia including high risk cases was 0.55 (n = 20), 0.71 (n = 7), and 0.50 (n = 8) respectively. These results indicate that allogeneic BMT is the major therapeutic strategy for patients whose survival could not be expected by conventional chemotherapy and that drug intensification for conditioning regimen is also important.
 ...
PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as a therapeutic modality for hematological disorders: a report based on 39 cases. 786 58

Four consecutive children with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) underwent matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Ages ranged from 3.2 to 6.3 years. Diagnosis was assessed according to FAB classification: refractory anemia-RA (n = 1), RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) (n = 1), and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) (n = 2). Initial treatment included transfusions for all of them, splenectomy (n = 2) and chemotherapy (n = 1). Patients were all prepared with busulfan 21 mg/kg (480 mg/m2), cytosine arabinoside 24,000 mg/m2, melphalan 140 mg/m2. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis associated cyclosporine-methotrexate. Engraftment was prompt and complete in all children. Toxicity included severe mucositis (n = 3), moderate veno-occlusive disease (n = 2), acute GVHD (n = 3), chronic GVHD (n = 1). Sequelae have not yet been seen. All patients are alive and disease-free with a follow-up ranging from 7 to 35 months, with a Karnofsky score of 90-100%. Combined busulphan conditioning can offer an alternative to total body irradiation-based regimens in order to avoid late side-effects in children.
 ...
PMID:Intensified conditioning regimen with busulfan followed by allogeneic BMT in children with myelodysplastic syndromes. 792 Mar 11

Case 1: A 26-year-old female was admitted because of leukocytosis with 43.6% myeloblasts and 33.6% monocytes, and trilineage myelodysplasia (T-MDS) was detected on bone marrow (BM) smear. She was diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (M4) with T-MDS and was treated with the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) AML87 protocol. After completion of chemotherapy, leukemic myeloblasts remained minimally and myelodysplastic changes were still detected on BM smear. She underwent allo-BMT from an HLA-identical sibling. The conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Cyclosporine A and short term methotrexate were administered prophylactically for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). She developed slight veno-occlusive disease and pancytopenia, which improved soon. She is surviving free of disease for 37 months from BMT. Case 2: A 41-year-old male was diagnosed as having T-MDS AML (M2) and achieved complete remission with the AML89 protocol, but relapsed soon. He underwent allo-BMT from an HLA-identical sibling. The conditioning regimen and prophylaxis against GVHD were the same as in case 1. He developed mild acute GVHD, pleural effusion and later mild chronic GVHD. These improved soon. He is surviving free of disease for 21 months from BMT. Some reports suggest that intensive chemotherapy can induce CR in 40%-70% of patients with T-MDS AML, but most of them tend to relapse and rarely survive long. We consider that the best strategy for treatment of T-MDS AML is allo-BMT at present, if suitable donors are available.
 ...
PMID:[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for two patients with acute myeloid leukemia with trilineage myelodysplasia (T-MDS)]. 813 16

To evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporine (CYA) regimens in preventing moderate to severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 25 patients received immunosuppressive therapy consisting of either CYA and methylprednisolone or CYA and methotrexate (MTX) and the incidence and severity of acute GVHD was compared. These patients had leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and received bone marrow transplants (BMT) from genotypically HLA-identical siblings. The incidence of grade I-IV acute GVHD in patients on the CYA/methylprednisolone regimen was 64% (7 of 11) compared with 50% (7 of 14) in those on the CYA/MTX regimen. Five of 11 patients with the CYA/methylprednisolone regimen developed moderate to severe acute GVHD (grade II-IV), fatal in 3 cases. No patient on the CYA/MTX regimen developed moderate to severe acute GVHD. Engraftment was faster in the CYA/methylprednisolone group than in the CYA/MTX group. The incidence of toxicity observed soon after BMT was comparable between groups. The CYA/MTX regimen may be superior to the CYA/methylprednisolone regimen for preventing moderate to severe acute GVHD.
 ...
PMID:Cyclosporine combined with methylprednisolone or methotrexate in prophylaxis of moderate to severe acute graft-versus-host disease. 829 53

We have studied the value of additional immune suppression in BMT conditioning regimens in 45 patients with leukemia and 4 with myelodysplastic syndrome allografted between 1984 and 1991. A dose of 6 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) was delivered to 12 of 24 and 15 of 25 patients conditioned with 10 Gy and 12 Gy total body irradiation (TBI), respectively. Thirteen patients also received methylprednisolone (MP) before BMT to enhance immunosuppression. Differences in immunosuppression between the TBI with or without TLI or MP regimens and the influence of different levels of graft T cell depletion were measured in terms of transplant rejection, and complete versus mixed chimerism. The treatment-related complications were evaluated in terms of GVHD and incidence of pneumonitis. The overall transplant rejection rate was 6% (3 of 49). Complete chimerism was not significantly modified by increasing the TBI dose or by additional TLI (p > 0.10) but was more often seen in patients receiving MP given as pre-transplant immunosuppressor booster (p = 0.01). The incidence of GVHD was only influenced by the level of T cell depletion (p = 0.003). All 49 patients received a TBI lung dose in the range 9.5-10 Gy. A crude pneumonitis range of 19% (9 of 47 evaluable patients) was found. Neither the addition of TLI, MP nor the T cell depletion influenced the lung toxicity rate (p > 0.10) but pneumonitis was more frequent in patients with GVHD (p = 0.005).
 ...
PMID:Conditioning the leukemic patient before allogeneic BMT: value of intensifying immunosuppression in the context of different levels of T lymphocyte depletion of the graft. 833 25

Preparative regimens containing busulfan (BU) followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were used in 27 consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The median age was 33 years (range, 4 to 54). Ten were female and 17 male. Sixteen patients had primary MDS, 11 other patients had antecedent hematologic diseases or developed MDS after cytotoxic and/or radiation therapy. Six patients had leukemic transformation and received antileukemic therapy before BMT. Pre-BMT cytogenetic studies showed complex chromosomal abnormalities in 13 patients, a simple abnormality in 5 patients, and normal chromosome in 8 patients. Three BU-based preparative regimens were used: 1 patient received BU 4 mg/kg orally (PO) daily for 4 days and cyclophosphamide (CY) 50 mg/kg intravenously (IV) daily for 4 days (BUCY-4); 24 patients received BU 4 mg/kg PO daily for 4 days, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) 2 g/m2 IV every 12 hours for 4 doses, and CY 60 mg/kg IV daily for 2 days (BAC); and 2 patients with preceding Fanconi anemia received BU 2 mg/kg PO daily for 4 days followed by total lymphoid irradiation of 5 Gy. Seventeen of 27 patients are alive with no evidence of disease. Ten patients have died: 2 from hepatic veno-occlusive disease, 3 from sepsis, 1 from a cerebral bleed, 1 from a massive gastrointestinal (GI) bleed associated with acute graft-versus-host disease, 1 from hemolytic uremic syndrome with adult respiratory distress syndrome, 1 from bronchiolitis obliterans, and the only patient who did not engraft died from acute myeloid leukemia. Regimen-related toxicities (RRT) include GI tract (diarrhea, 14; stomatitis, 11), liver (9), cardiac (1), and skin (5). Patients who received a genotypically matched marrow graft had a significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) than patients who received a nongenotypic marrow graft (P = .02). The Kaplan-Meier analysis projects an overall DFS of 56% +/- 13% and 78% +/- 10% for patients who received a genotypically matched marrow graft. With the exception of a child who did not engraft, there was no relapse of MDS or leukemia. Excellent DFS, acceptable RRT, and the ease of administration are advantages of this regimen.
 ...
PMID:Busulfan-based regimens and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. 847 79

A 49-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, RAEB in T) who relapsed following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo BMT) was treated with infusions of donor buffy coat leukocytes. He sustained hematologic and cytogenetic remission, but severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed for which cyclosporin A and prednisolone were required. This therapeutic approach appears to be valuable for relapsed MDS following allo BMT as well as for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
 ...
PMID:Donor buffy coat infusions for a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who relapsed following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 853 26

A 5 year old with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) developed acute monoblastic leukaemia following a period of myelodysplasia associated with a clonal cytogenetic abnormality involving chromosome 7. Matched unrelated BMT was carried out using standard CY/TBI conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis protocols. The patient experienced no toxicity, had temporary committed progenitor cell engraftment but eventually died from bone marrow failure 1 year post-transplant. This report, to our knowledge, documents the first reported case of matched unrelated donor BMT for SDS/AML and we speculate that standard conditioning regimens are probably safe in this group of patients.
 ...
PMID:Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and matched unrelated donor BMT. 854 72

Clonal chromosome and/or hematological abnormalities typically observed in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have been described with increased frequency after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for lymphoma. We report the case of a woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) allografted with her HLA-identical sibling who, 5 years after the transplant and under immunosuppressive treatment for chronic graft host disease (GVHD), suffered a cytogenetic relapse associated with a 5q- deletion in the host metaphases. These findings suggest that myelodysplastic changes, possibly related to the chemo-radiotherapy conditioning regimen, may also present after allogeneic BMT.
 ...
PMID:5q- in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia relapsed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 856 86

Donor mononuclear cell (MNC) infusions provide a very potent and effective anti-leukemic therapy. For patient's with CML who relapse after allogeneic BMT, the administration of donor MNC can result in a direct GVL effect and re-establish sustained remissions, even when assessed by very sensitive PCR-based techniques. The GVL reaction appears to be most prominent in patients with chronic phase CML. It is less apparent for patients with more advanced stages of CML or for patients with relapsed acute leukemia and myelodysplasia, although only small numbers of these patients have been treated. While the majority of patients tolerate this therapy very well, treatment related morbidity and mortality is still quite significant, and efforts to limit the severity of GVHD, and to recognize and treat marrow aplasia early may be useful. Longer follow-up of patients who have achieved complete remission will be required to determine if this therapy will have an impact on long term disease free survival, but at the current time, it would seem to be a very acceptable alternative to a second BMT.
 ...
PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy for relapsed leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 858 Jul 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>