Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 64-year-old woman was diagnosed as having myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at 45 months after receiving radiotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix. We chose low dose therapy of SPAC and ACR because of the diagnosis as therapy-related MDS and the existence of radiation colitis. She obtained minor response, but two months later she transformed to AML (M2). The interval between low dose therapies was getting shorter and shorter, so we tried intensive chemotherapy consisting of BHAC, ACR and 6MP. Blast numbers were reduced, but she died of sepsis and intestinal bleeding. The patients of MDS with t(8;21) and the patients of therapy-related AML (tAML) with t(8;21) are very rare. According to the literature, only karyotype is a prognostic factor in AML/MDS with t(8;21). And diagnosis by the criteria of FAB classification is of little value regarding clinical progress. That is to say, if the patient has only t(8;21) or karyotypic abnormalities which are of little value in prognosis, such as the loss of a sex chromosome, it must be treated as de novo AML, but if patient has karyotypic abnormalities such as -5, 5q-, -7, 7q-, and/or multiple (complicated) abnormalities, we must accept that the prognosis is poor and must treat it as ordinary MDS/tAML.
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PMID:[Therapy-related leukemia with t(8;21) initially diagnosed as MDS (RAEB in T)]. 756 9

Several studies have suggested an increased risk of cancer in patients with systemic sclerosis, but the potential risk factors for these cancers remain unknown. The aim of this study was to identify, among patients with systemic sclerosis, factors associated with the development of cancer, with attention to clinical (age, sex, cutaneous sclerosis), immunological (antinuclear antibodies, anticentromere antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies) and histological (pulmonary fibrosis) features. We retrospectively studied 123 patients with systemic sclerosis. The median follow-up period was 4 years. Fourteen cases of cancer (11.3%) were found (lung n = 3, breast n = 2, ovarian n = 2, skin n = 1, thyroid n = 1, rectum n = 1, uterine cervix n = 1, larynx n = 1, pancreas n = 1, myelodysplasia n = 1). The characteristics of systemic sclerosis were similar in patients with and patients without cancer. Yet, the three cases of lung cancers occurred in association with CREST syndromes and anticentromere antibodies.
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PMID:[Systemic scleroderma and cancer. Search for predictive factors of cancer in 123 patients with scleroderma]. 925 70

Since the late 1970s, a comprehensive search for cancer chemopreventive agents has been established in our Institute. A series of new retinoids have been synthesized and screened on the basis of established methodologies of experimental chemoprevention in vitro as well as in vivo. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that N-4-(carboxyphenyl)retinamide (RII) induces cell differentiation of HL-60 cells and inhibits dimethylnitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis of the forestomach in mice, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced papilloma in mouse skin, and DMBA-induced carcinogenesis of the buccal pouch in Syrian golden hamsters. It significantly promoted lymphoblastic transformation and activated macrophages. In further studies, RII significantly inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity. After 6 months of chronic toxicological studies in rats and dogs, RII was recommended for clinical trial. Phase II studies found that RII is effective in treating oral and vulvar leukoplakia. It is also effective in treating myelodysplastic syndrome and dysplasia of uterine cervix. The chalcone retinoidal compounds were discovered when the search for new retinoids with less toxicity and higher potency led to third-generation retinoids, which were synthesized and screened. Structure-activity relationship studies found that 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxy-4-carboxyl chalcone (R9158) is the most active inhibitor of a variety of cancer cells. It has no effect on the Colony Forming Unit-Granulocyte/Macrophage (CFU-GM) of bone marrow in mice. In in vivo studies, R9158 showed a remarkable inhibition of chondrosarcoma in rats. It had no cross-resistance to vincristine, but was cross-resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. Red ginseng, a processed Panax ginseng, is considered a typical tonic in traditional Chinese medicine. Our studies demonstrated that red ginseng extract inhibited DMBA-induced skin papilloma significantly. Experiments showed that glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. It also inhibited epidermal ornithine decarboxylase as well as the rapid DNA damage induced by the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Our pharmacological studies demonstrated that Chinese gallotannin inhibited the malignant transformation of B[a]P-induced V79 cells in vitro and B[a]P-induced pulmonary adenoma in A/J mice in vivo significantly.
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PMID:Research and development of cancer chemopreventive agents in China. 959 Nov 87

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary solid tumour composed of malignant immature cells of the granulocytic series. It may herald, accompany or signal acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). GS may also occur in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) where it is a sign of imminent disease progression. Three cases of GS are presented; the first one involving the pancreas and preceding AML, the second case affecting uterine cervix in stable phase CGL and the third case is GS of the breast accompanying AML. Any site of the body may be involved by the GS, and morbidity depends on the local organ/tissue affected in addition to the attending primary leukaemia or MDS. Treatment of GS involves surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The objective of this communication is to enhance awareness in personnel providing health care. Further, early diagnosis and treatment affects overall outcome.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma: report of three cases. 1073 14