Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026986 (myelodysplastic syndrome)
 14,926 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of Salmonella subdural empyema developed in chronic subdural hematoma (Infected Subdural Hematoma; ISH) was reported. A 64-year-old man had been in a nearby hospital due to myelodysplastic syndrome with cerebral infarction for two months. His condition there had been almost uneventful. But spike fever occurred and the patient became drowsy two days before his transfer to our medical center. His consciousness level deteriorated progressively and CT scan showed a right chronic subdural hematoma. He had had no history of head trauma in the previous two months. On admission to our center, his consciousness level was semicoma with anisocoria. An emergency operation was performed via a single burr hole initially. From the burr hole, old bloody fluid accompanied by yellowish pus was obtained. Thus so-called ISH was diagnosed and the craniotomy was carried out. Gram stain of the specimen revealed gram negative rods. Although an epileptic state developed after the operation, it was controlled by barbiturate coma therapy for 3 days, followed by phenytoin administration. Fever subsided gradually with antibiotics sensitive to the bacteria and his anisocoria disappeared on the 4th postoperative day. In this case, Salmonella enteritidis was detected from bacterial culture both of the specimen and of the arterial blood. Salmonella enteritidis might have been implanted on the capsule of the chronic subdural hematoma by bacteremia derived from immunological dysfunction due to myelodysplastic syndrome. In conclusion, the possibility of ISH should be considered in chronic subdural hematoma patients with immunological dysfunction.
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PMID:[A case of Salmonella subdural empyema developed in chronic subdural hematoma]. 978 95

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection primarily affecting patients with immunosuppression. We present a case of upper limb ischemia secondary to mucormycosis. A 59-year-old man with myelodysplasia presented with an acutely ischemic arm. The patient underwent numerous revascularisation attempts. Following the final procedure, he developed a cerebral infarct and subsequently died. The most common presentations of mucormycosis are of local character. Once established, it can spread rapidly with vascular invasion and in situ thrombosis. Mortality rate is 76%-96%. In this case, it led to fulminant intravascular coagulopathy resulting in recurrent upper and lower limb ischemia, and finally cerebral infarction.
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PMID:Intravascular mucormycosis as a cause of arm ischemia in an immunocompromised patient. 1956 68

We report a case of fungemia caused by Scedosporium prolificans, an emerging pathogen. An 83-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and agranulocytosis was admitted for pneumonia in January 2009. He was treated with meropenem, minocycline, and gamma-globulin for pneumonia and G-CSF and platelet transfusion for MDS. Although he recovered from pneumonia as neutrophil count increased, intermittent fever continued. On hospital day 17, blood culture yielded fungal colonies indicating S. prolificans. Voriconazole was started immediately, but the man's general condition deteriorated with cerebral infarction and he died of cerebral hemorrhage on hospital day 65. Attention must therefore be paid to the increasing scedosporiosis incidence in Japan.
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PMID:[Fungemia caused by Scedosporium prolificans in myelodysplastic syndrome]. 2241 81

The management of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains challenging. We performed a phase I/II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of decitabine in patients with MDS in Japan. Patients with MDS with red cell transfusion dependence or 5-30% blasts in marrow and with an International Prognostic Scoring System score of intermediate-1 or higher were eligible. Patients received intravenous decitabine at 15 or 20 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. A total of 37 patients were enrolled. Three patients received 15 mg/m(2) and experienced no dose limiting toxicity during the first cycle. Thirty-four patients received 20 mg/m(2) . Grade 3 or greater non-hematologic toxicities included cerebral infarction (n = 1), subdural hematoma (n = 1), elevated blood glucose (n = 1), and pulmonary hypertension (n = 1). At 20 mg/m(2) , complete response, partial response, and hematologic improvement were observed in 7 (20.6%), 2 (5.9%), and 7 (20.6%) patients, respectively. Complete cytogenetic response was observed in 30% of evaluable 20 patients. The median number of cycles to clinical response was 4 (range 4-8), and duration of remission was 474+ days (range 294-598+). The 2-year rate of acute myeloid leukemia-free survival was 52%. Correlative studies revealed hypomethylation in multiple genes in peripheral blood cells after treatment. Hypomethylation was generally more profound in CD15 + peripheral blood cells, which reflects myeloid cells, than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In summary, decitabine was safe and demonstrated efficacy in Japanese patients with high-risk MDS. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00796003).
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PMID:Phase I/II study of decitabine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: a multi-center study in Japan. 2281 87

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by cytopenia that results in high risks of infection and bleeding. However, there are few reports of cerebral infarction in MDS. We reported a 72-year-old female with MDS who developed acute cerebral infarction. Clinical history of the patient revealed no definite risk factors for stroke except diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia that was well controlled. This case represented the rare occurrence of arterial thrombosis causing acute cerebral infarction in MDS, which may be due to complex chromosomal abnormality and inflammatory processes.
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PMID:Acute Cerebral Infarction as a Rare Thrombotic Event in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Case Report. 2811 48

While acute myeloid leukemia (AML) could cause an invasion of the central nervous system (CNS), the invasion of the CNS in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is rare. Here, we report a case of juvenile MDS with cerebral infarction concerning the invasion of the CNS by leukemia cells. A 25-year-old male was admitted to our institution because of difficulty in extending the left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute-stage cerebral infarction in the right parietal lobe and a diffuse edematous lesion in the surrounding site. In addition, leukemia cells were detected in the spinal fluid. Based on the bone marrow examination finding, he was diagnosed with MDS with excess blast 1. However, no clear disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic diathesis were found in the blood test. If cerebral artery thrombosis occurs in MDS, the invasion of the CNS should be considered as a complication.
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PMID:[Young adult myelodysplastic syndrome with central nervous system involvement diagnosed following cerebral embolism]. 3062 93