Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Roxithromycin is an acid-stable orally administered antibacterial macrolide structurally related to erythromycin. It has an in vitro antibacterial profile similar to that of erythromycin, with activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Branhamella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus ducreyi, some anaerobes and other less common pathogens. Roxithromycin has a pharmacokinetic profile that is characterised by excellent enteral absorption achieving high concentrations in most tissues and body fluids. The results of clinical studies with roxithromycin have confirmed the potential for its use in a variety of infections, which was suggested by its antibacterial activity in vitro and pharmacokinetic profile. Clinical efficacy has been confirmed in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including community-acquired and atypical pneumonias, ear, nose and throat infections, genitourinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections. In a relatively small number of patients roxithromycin has generally been shown to be as effective as erythromycin and other appropriate antibacterial drugs in some of the above indications. Roxithromycin is well tolerated and has less potential than erythromycin to produce clinically significant drug interactions. Thus, roxithromycin is an orally active drug which should prove a useful alternative when selecting antibacterial therapy for indications where macrolides are appropriate.
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PMID:Roxithromycin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy. 265 Oct 88

This ether oxim derivative of erythromycin A is an easy to absorb oral antimicrobial somewhat less effective in vitro than erythromycin. At relatively low MIC's it is active against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, branhnamella and chlamydiae, higher concentrations are needed against enterococci and some strains of H. influenzae. Roxithromycin is also reported to have a very good effect on campylobacters, many anaerobic bacteria, Toxoplasma gondii, Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophilla. Its half-life in the serum of healthy individuals ranges from 9 to 16 hours. Maximum serum concentrations at 2 oral doses of 150 mg a day are reached at 3 to 4 days and vary from 5.5 to 11.1 mg/l. The distribution of roxithromycin in body tissues is excellent. In a group of 57 patients treated for various infections of clear etiology the positive therapeutic effects resulting in the state of bacteriological negativity was reached in 86% of cases. Roxithromycin can be recommended as a drug of choice in mild or less severe cases of infection caused by agents sensitive to this antimicrobial. Its excellent tolerance makes it especially well suited for use in pediatric practice.
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PMID:Roxithromycin--a new macrolide derivative. 269 62

This presentation is a summary of five different studies on the efficacy and tolerance of roxithromycin in the treatment of non-gonococcal genital infections. Three of the studies were double-blind comparative and two were open studies. Of the 924 out-patients whose data were analysed for clinical efficacy, 637 received treatment with roxithromycin 150 mg bd. The standard dose of roxithromycin, 150 mg bd for ten days, was compared with doxycycline 200 mg daily, lymecycline 300 mg bd and roxithromycin 450 mg once daily. The overall clinical success rate was 90% (576 of 637 patients) for roxithromycin 150 mg bd. In the three comparative trials, no significant difference was found between the clinical success rates of roxithromycin 150 mg bd and the other drugs. The overall clinical success rate with roxithromycin 150 mg bd was 92% (512/558) in nongonococcal urethritis and 81% (64/79) in cervicovaginitis. Taking into account all patients treated with roxithromycin 150 mg bd, the bacteriological success rate was 90% (444/492). In the comparative trials, no significant difference could be found between the treatment groups. Roxithromycin 150 mg bd was effective in eradicating 97% (308/316) of the isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, 88% (149/170) of Ureaplasma urealyticum, 73% (40/55) of Mycoplasma hominis and 57% (13/23) of Gardnerella vaginalis. The present findings show that a high cure rate can be achieved with a ten-day course of treatment with roxithromycin and that it is at least as effective as the tetracyclines commonly used in the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis. A higher dosage than 300 mg/day of roxithromycin did not offer any clear advantage in terms of efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Roxithromycin in nongonococcal urethritis. 332 68

The in-vitro activity of roxithromycin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema pallidum, Gardnerella vaginalis and Haemophilus ducreyi is reviewed. Roxithromycin demonstrated equivalent activity to erythromycin against N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum, G. vaginalis and H. ducreyi. In a rabbit model for syphilis, potentially useful activity against T. pallidum has been demonstrated.
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PMID:A review of the in-vitro activity of roxithromycin against genital pathogens. 332 69

The activity of roxithromycin was determined by a microdilution method, in comparison with erythromycin, spiramycin and josamycin. Roxithromycin and erythromycin showed very similar MICs against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Str. pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae. In most cases, spiramycin and josamycin appeared similarly or more active. The activity of roxithromycin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Chlamydia psittaci and, to some extent, against Pasteurella spp. was also assessed, by suitable in-vitro methods. Roxithromycin has a promising potential for treating selected skin and respiratory infections.
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PMID:In-vitro activity of roxithromycin against respiratory and skin pathogens. 350 24

Roxithromycin, a new macrolide, has favorable pharmacological properties: it is acid stable and well absorbed, and its prolonged half-life allows b.i.d. prescription of 150 mg. In our open prospective study we found an etiologic infectious agent in 16 (80%) of 20 patients presenting with "atypical" pneumonia. Ten of the 16 pneumonias were due to an organism sensitive to roxithromycin (gram+ cocci, gram- rods, mycoplasma and chlamydia), and 6 to a virus. Therapeutic success was obtained in greater than or equal to 90%. The treatment was well tolerated with fewer gastrointestinal disorders than with erythromycin.
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PMID:[Roxithromycin (RU 28965), a new macrolide effective against pulmonary infections]. 381 Jan

Roxithromycin is a derivative of the macrolide antibacterial erythromycin with in vitro antibacterial activity resembling that of the parent compound. The drug has activity against some Staphylococcus spp., many Streptococcus spp., Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia trachomatis as well as many less common organisms. Measured using recently proposed guidelines, roxithromycin has in vitro activity against Haemophilus influenzae. In comparison with that of its parent compound, the pharmacokinetic profile of roxithromycin is characterised by high plasma, tissue and body fluid concentrations and a long half-life permitting an extended dosage interval. Roxithromycin has proven clinical efficacy in upper and lower respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urogenital infections and orodental infections, and appears to be as effective as more established treatments including erythromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefaclor. The drug has also shown promise in a variety of more specialised indications including opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and as part of a Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen. Roxithromycin is very well tolerated with an overall incidence of adverse events of approximately 4%. Thus, roxithromycin is an attractive therapeutic alternative in its established indications, especially when the option of once-daily administration is considered.
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PMID:Roxithromycin. An update of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use. 752 29

Macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics, which are protein synthesis inhibitors, are effective in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of roxithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. Roxithromycin was administered orally to patients who had been definitely diagnosed through Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolation or serum antibody titer as having mycoplasma pneumonia. The efficacy assessment was based on clinical signs and symptoms of infection as well as bacterial culture from clinical samples. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 6 cases, good in 6 cases and fair in 1 case, with an efficacy rate of 92.3%. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in 6 patients: the organism was eradicated in 4 cases and unchanged in 2 cases. In this study, the MIC of roxithromycin against M. pneumoniae fell in the range 0.0156-0.00625 mg/l. No adverse reaction was observed. As for abnormal laboratory findings, two cases showed elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (S-GPT), one elevated serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and S-GPT, and one reduced neutrophil counts. From our results, we consider that roxithromycin is useful in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.
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PMID:Efficacy of roxithromycin in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. 775 59

A GROWING CLASS OF ANTIBIOTICS: Since the discovery of erythromycin, teh prototype macrolide, this class of antibiotics has grown considerably. Roxithromycin, a semi-synthetic erythromycin derivative, has an improved absorbability, tolerability and stability profile. WIDE INDICATIONS: Current indications for these new compounds for respiratory tract infections are presented and discussed in terms of the most recent consensus conferences. NEW TRENDS: All current indications (expecting the respiratory tract) are discussed in light of current perspectives for this family of antibiotics. Growing interest in new bacterial species such as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Helicobacter pylori as well as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae contribute to new trends in antibiotics prescription.
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PMID:[Macrolides: indications in 1997]. 911 49

In order to investigate the susceptibility of mixed infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum (UU) and Mycoplasma Hominis (MH) to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents and comparison with that of UU infection in NGU patients, the in vitro susceptibility was determined by using microdilution method. The positive results were analyzed. The results showed that the sequence of susceptibility to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents for both UU infection group and UU-MH mixed infection group was almost the same from the highest susceptibility to the lowest accordingly: Josamycin, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Sparfloxacin, Roxithromycin, Ofloxacin and Azithromycin. The total drug resistance rate for UU-MH mixed infection group (97.67%) was significantly higher than that for UU infection group (44.67%, P < 0.01). The highest drug resistance rate in UU group and UU-MH mixed infection group was 31.33% (Ofloxacin) and 90.48% (Azithromycin) respectively. UU-MH mixed infection showed an increased drug resistance and changes of drug resistance spectrum.
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PMID:Susceptibility of mixed infection of Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Mycoplasma Hominis to seven antimicrobial agents and comparison with that of Ureaplasma Urealyticum infection. 1297 52


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