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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous vaccination of rats with either viable or Formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pulmonis reduced the incidence and severity of lower respiratory tract lesions after intranasal challenge with viable organisms. Intranasal vaccination with killed organisms reduced the severity of rhinitis, but did not affect lesions in any other region of the respiratory tract. The maximum protection against upper tract lesions (rhinitis, otitis, and laryngotracheitis) was provided by intravenous immunization with viable organisms. Dual vaccination (intraperitoneal plus intranasal) with killed organisms provided no significant protection in any segment of the tract. However, these ineffective vaccine regimens did not potentiate the lesions. These results conclusively demonstrate that vaccination of rats against mycoplasma respiratory disease is feasible and also suggest that systemic vaccination may provide greater protection for the lungs than intranasal vaccination, at least when equivalent antigen doses are used.
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PMID:Protective effect of vaccination against Mycoplasma pulmonis respiratory disease in rats. 71 23

Formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was administered subcutaneously or intranasally to hamsters to examine the effect of route of administration on immunogenicity and protective effect. Parenterally administered vaccine in the doses employed induced serum complement-fixing antibody formation, but did not significantly decrease the frequency of pneumonia following challenge with virulent M. pneumoniae. Intranasally instilled vaccine was ineffective in stimulating serum antibody, but did diminish the frequency of experimentally induced pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae. However, a greater degree of resistance was induced by intranasal infection with either wild-type organisms or the ts 640 attenuated mutant of M. pneumoniae.
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PMID:Immunoprophylaxis of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: effect of route of administration on the immunogenicity and protective effect of inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccine. 87 18

Three monoclonal antibodies elicited to NIH 3T3 cells transfected with DNA from a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line recognized a novel ribonucleoprotein complex. Minimally, this ribonucleoprotein complex contained a Mr 240,000 protein (by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and two RNA species with apparent sizes of 1.5 and 3.0 kilobases (by formaldehyde agarose gel electrophoresis). In addition to a cytoplasmic and nuclear subcellular localization, the RNA antigen was secreted from human tumor cell lines and NIH 3T3 cells transfected with pancreatic tumor DNA (inhibitable by monensin) and was apparently not a viral or Mycoplasma contaminant. The ribonucleoprotein antigen was detected in some normal tissues by immunoperoxidase but was not found in or secreted from in vitro cultured normal human fibroblasts, nontransfected or spontaneously transformed NIH 3T3 cells, or normal peripheral blood leukocytes.
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PMID:A novel ribonucleoprotein complex defined by monoclonal antibodies to NIH 3T3 cells transfected with human pancreatic adenocarcinoma DNA. 239 65

A hamster immunization challenge assay described in the accompanying paper (M. F. Barile, D. K. F. Chandler, H. Yoshida, M. W. Grabowski, R. Harasawa, and S. Razin, Infect. Immun. 56:2443-2449, 1988) was used to examine protection against Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease by passive immunization and to evaluate the protective potency of a Formalin-inactivated whole-cell and a cell extract M. pneumoniae vaccine. Passive immunization with a globulin fraction of hyperimmune mule antiserum to M. pneumoniae provided hamsters some protection against the challenge. When hamsters were actively immunized, a single dose of Formalin-inactivated vaccine provided only minimal protection, whereas multiple doses of this vaccine, particularly when combined with adjuvant, provided good protection. A single dose of the cell extract vaccine did not protect animals, but two doses caused a marked reduction of disease when a priming dose was given intraperitoneally, followed by a booster dose intratracheally. The correlation between the level of metabolism inhibition antibodies to M. pneumoniae in the sera of vaccinated hamsters and the degree of protection as measured by reduction of lung pathological scores and colonization was poor, indicating that seroconversion rates for metabolism inhibition antibodies are not by themselves adequate to measure the potency of M. pneumoniae vaccines.
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PMID:Hamster challenge potency assay for evaluation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccines. 313 70

The attachment of Mycoplasma pulmonis m53 organisms to mouse and rat synovial cells was examined by using the organisms and the synovial cells treated in various ways. M. pulmonis treated with trypsin attached to the synovial cells, but the organisms treated with pronase, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or heat did not. These findings suggest that the sites for binding M. pulmonis to the mouse and rat synovial cells are of polypeptide nature. Treatment of M. pulmonis with sialic acid and treatment of the synovial cell sheets with neuraminidase did not affect the attachment. The synovial cell surface for receptors M. pulmonis organisms would be different from those on respiratory cells or erythrocytes for M. pneumoniae or M. gallisepticum. Even nonviable organisms and M. pulmonis membranes attached to the mouse or rat synovial cells. The nature of the receptor of mouse synovial cells would be different from that of rat cells, since rat cells were affected by treatment with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, but mouse cells were not.
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PMID:Attachment of Mycoplasma pulmonis to rat and mouse synovial cells cultured in vitro. 408

The mycoplasma-like organism Spiroplasma citri gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from citrus infected with "Stubborn" disease and carried in serial cultures in several media, was examined by dark-field microscopy and electron microscopy of negatively-stained and shadowed preparations and of sections. It grows as motile, helical filaments in liquid, but as nonmotile, nonhelical filaments and round bodies in agar cultures. Helicity and motility are lost in old broth cultures and upon addition of a variety of negative stains, fixatives, and other solutions. No organelles accounting for motility are present, but a layer of surface projections is present on the surface of the single, bounding membrane. The mycoplasma produces a tailed, type B bacteriophage which appear to attach to the outer layer. Helical filaments are preserved in ammonium molybdate, but not in sodium phosphotungstate, and by fixation in Formalin or glutaraldehyde made up in medium, but not by osmium nor by glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer. This mycoplasma appears similar to the noncultured helical microorganism in corn stunt-diseased tissues and is probably a representative of a new group of mycoplasmas which are in possession of surface projections, rotary motility, and bacteriophage infection.
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PMID:Morphology, ultrastructure, and bacteriophage infection of the helical mycoplasma-like organism (Spiroplasma citri gen. nov., sp. nov.) cultured from "stubborn" disease of citrus. 412 16

A procedure is described that permits the preparation of permanent stained mounts of Mycoplasma and of bacterial L forms grown on the surface of and within agar media. These preparations are especially useful for making representative photographs. The cultures are fixed with Formalin vapor. Thin slices of agar are stained at elevated temperature between 50 and 60 C and at a low pH, are dried rapidly, and are mounted in Canada balsam. The results with this staining procedure are illustrated by photographs of various strains of Mycoplasma and of bacterial L forms.
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PMID:Permanent stained agar preparation of Mycoplasma and of L forms of bacteria. 416 52

The antigenicity of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccines prepared from antigen grown in a medium buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2'-ethanesulfonic acid was tested in young, adult males. Formalin-inactivated antigens from a high-passage strain and a low-passage strain at various dilutions (12 to 123 mug of N/ml) were injected intramuscularly in 1-ml doses. Antibody responses were tested by the metabolic inhibition (MI) technique. Sixty-five to 86% of the volunteers in all vaccine groups responded with fourfold or greater MI antibody rises, but only nine (39%) of 23 antibody-free subjects converted compared to 53 (88%) of 60 of those with pre-existing antibody. A booster vaccination did not increase the number of converters or enhance the geometric mean titers. The antigen concentrations of vaccines with 24 or more mug of N/ml appeared to be above the threshold needed for maximal antibody responses in the dose range tested. MI antibody rises could not be detected in sputa and nasal washings obtained from a small group of vaccinees. The results of this study suggest that the new vaccines offer little or no improvement in antigenicity in man over earlier inactivated vaccines.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine: antigenicity of buffered antigens in volunteers. 463 1

The model of pneumonia produced by intranasal inoculation of Mycoplasma pulmonis in gnotobiotic mice provided the opportunity to study the localization and identification of the infecting organisms in the tissues by immunofluorescence techniques. Frozen sections of pneumonic mouse lung were fixed in acetone, layered with rabbit anti-M. pulmonis serum, washed, layered again with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-rabbit globulin, washed again, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. A bright line of fluorescence was seen at the bronchial epithelial surface, usually in a continuous layer. Occasional masses of fluorescence were seen in the polymorphonuclear leukocytic exudate in the bronchial lumen. Sections of tissues fixed in Helle's or 10% Formalin fixatives and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were reviewed by light microscopy and revealed a zone of blue-staining material composed of tiny coccoid bodies in the same locations at the bronchial epithelial surface as in the immunofluorescent preparations and in previously reported electron microscope studies.
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PMID:Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma in gnotobiotic mice. IV. Localization and identification of Mycoplasma pulmonis in the bronchi of infected gnotobiotic mice by immunofluorescence and by light microscopy. 487 10

Complement-fixing antibodies were first detected in mice 7 days after intravenous injection with Mycoplasma arthritidis. Peak titers were observed at 21 days, and high levels of antibody persisted through 293 days. The metabolism-inhibiting antibody response was minimal. On fractionation of mouse sera, only 7S antibody was detected which first appeared at 12 days after injection and persisted throughout the experiment. In contrast, serum taken from rats injected with M. arthritidis contained predominantly 19S antibodies in the early stages of the disease which were gradually replaced with 7S antibodies. The intravenous injection of mice with M. arthritidis culture supernatant fluid had no effect upon their subsequent susceptibility to the arthritogenic effects of M. arthritidis, but this procedure appeared to delay the onset of abscess formation after the subcutaneous injection of M. arthritidis. Formalin-killed cells of M. arthritidis partially protected mice against the arthritis induced by M. arthritidis. Previous infections with M. arthritidis conferred partial immunity against the arthritogenic effects of the organism. Serum taken from convalescent mice at 41 days had a partial protective effect when used to immunize passively normal mice against M. arthritidis. However, rabbit anti-M. arthritidis serum which possessed higher complement-fixing and metabolism-inhibiting antibodies was without significant protective properties.
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PMID:Chronic proliferative arthritis of mice induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis. II. Serological responses of the lost and effect of vaccines. 515 90


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