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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were tested for susceptibility to new quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Temafloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin possessed the most mycoplasmacidal activity against these organisms. The MBC for 50% of the strains (MBC50)-to-MIC50 ratio for each of these drugs was 4. The MBC50-to-MIC50 ratios for the tetracyclines and macrolides were markedly higher, within a range of 32 to 2,000. On the basis of these results, temafloxacin and ofloxacin might be promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of mycoplasmal infection.
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PMID:Antimycoplasmal activities of new quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 141 32

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and two recently developed 1-aryl-fluoroquinolones, A56610 and A56620, was tested against 65 beta-lactamase-negative and 35 beta-lactamase-positive Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, 12 Chlamydia trachomatis, 50 Mycoplasma hominis, 28 Ureaplasma urealyticum and 50 Gardnerella vaginalis strains. In the case of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis both the MIC and the MBC were determined. The MIC90 of ciprofloxacin for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 0.008 microgram/ml and of A56619 and A56620 less than or equal to 0.03 microgram/ml. No difference was observed between the activity against beta-lactamase-negative and beta-lactamase-positive strains. The MIC90 values of of ciprofloxacin and A56620 for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were identical, the values being 2 micrograms/ml, 1 micrograms/ml and 4 micrograms/ml respectively. The MIC90 of A56619 for Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum was 0.5 micrograms/ml and 1 microgram/ml respectively. The MBC90 values of the three quinolones for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. The activity of the quinolones against Gardnerella vaginalis was rather low, the MIC90 being greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. It is concluded that A56619 and A56620 might be useful for single-dose therapy of gonococcal infections.
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PMID:In vitro activity of the two new 4-quinolones A56619 and A56620 against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis. 309 26

Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most active of a group of 4-quinolone antibiotics tested against the SA2f strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (MBC and MIC 1.0 mg/l). Against genital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, ciprofloxacin was twice as active as rosoxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed similar activity to that of oxytetracycline against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and was 8-fold more active than rosoxacin against the latter.
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PMID:The activity of ciprofloxacin and other 4-quinolones against Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasmas in vitro. 623 3

In vitro susceptibilities of Mycoplasma penetrans were determined. MICs and MBCs were determined. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited (micrograms per milliliter) for broth dilution testing were as follows: azithromycin, 0.039; chloramphenicol, 0.625; ciprofloxacin, 0.156; clindamycin, 0.078; doxycycline, 0.312; erythromycin, 0.312; gentamicin. > 10; levofloxacin, 0.078; lincomycin, 0.625; streptomycin, > 10; and tetracycline, 1.25. Bactericidal activity was significant only for ciprofloxacin (MBC at which 50% of the isolates are killed, 0.312 microgram/ml) and levofloxacin (MBC at which 50% of the isolates are killed, 0.312 microgram/ml).
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PMID:In vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Mycoplasma penetrans from patients with AIDS. 757 38

The in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy of Q-35, a new fluoroquinolone, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae were investigated by pharmacokinetic studies with M. pneumoniae-infected hamsters. By using fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines as references, Q-35 was found to possess the greatest mycoplasmacidal activity. The MIC for 90% of strains tested (MIC90) and the MIC50 were 0.78 and 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively, and the MBC for 90% of strains tested (MBC90) and the MBC50 were 3.13 and 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. The MBC50-to-MIC50 ratio for Q-35 was 2. Furthermore, only Q-35 continued to be effective against 19 strains of erythromycin-resistant mutants of M. pneumoniae. The efficacies of fluoroquinolones against M. pneumoniae were also investigated by using an experimental hamster pneumonia model to measure the CFU of M. pneumoniae in the lungs. Q-35 and ofloxacin were efficacious following oral administration of 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days, initiated 24 h after infection, while ciprofloxacin was not active. Continuous administration of Q-35 for 10 days significantly reduced numbers of viable M. pneumoniae in the lungs. These results suggest that both Q-35 and ofloxacin are effective in the early phase of infection and, moreover, that Q-35 is also effective in the middle stage of infection, when progressive lung alterations and continuous increases in mycoplasmal growth occur. Peak levels of Q-35 in sera and lungs after oral administration were higher than those of ciprofloxacin but lower than those of ofloxacin. On the basis of these results, Q-35 appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent in chemotherapy of mycoplasmal infection.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo activities of Q-35, a new fluoroquinolone, against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 823 90

The in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin against four pathogens commonly implicated in genital infections was compared with that of a number of other commonly administered antimicrobials. Sparfloxacin demonstrated excellent activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MIC range of < or = 0.0002-5 mg/L for beta-lactamase producing strains, and < or = 0.0002-0.03 mg/L for non-beta-lactamase producing strains). This activity was similar to that of lomefloxacin and ciprofloxacin and was greater than that of ofloxacin. Sparfloxacin was more active against Ureaplasma urealyticum (MIC90 1 mg/L) than the other three quinolones (MIC90 4 mg/L). Sparfloxacin was much more active against Mycoplasma hominis (MIC90 0.06 mg/L) than the other quinolones (MIC90 1 mg/L). Sparfloxacin showed the most potent inhibitory and bactericidal activity of the quinolones against Chlamydia trachomatis with MIC and MBC of 0.06 mg/L (ofloxacin MIC and MBC 1 mg/L; ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin MIC and MBC 2 mg/L). The results of this study and others performed by workers using different methods are consistently similar. Since sparfloxacin has broad activity against pathogens implicated in genital infections it may be a good therapeutic alternative for these syndromes.
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PMID:Comparative in-vitro activity of sparfloxacin against genital pathogens. 873 22

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a frequent cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infection including pneumonia and bronchitis. Quinolones have attracted interest as potential therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections because they are active against a wide range of pathogens including C. pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The in vitro susceptibilities of C. pneumoniae were determined for grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin, clarithromycin and azithromycin. Isolates of C. pneumoniae tested included two reference strains, TW-183 and CM-1, and 12 recent clinical isolates from adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Susceptibility testing was performed in HEp-2 cells grown in 96-well microtiter plates. The MIC was the lowest antibiotic concentration at which no inclusions were seen. The MBC was the lowest concentration which resulted in no inclusions after passage in antibiotic-free medium. Grepafloxacin was the most active quinolone tested with an MIC50 of 0.125 mg/l, MIC90 and MBC90 of 0.5 mg/l. Grepafloxacin may have a role in the treatment of C. pneumoniae infections, but prospective clinical studies utilizing culture are lacking.
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PMID:Activity of grepafloxacin and other fluoroquinones and newer macrolides against recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae. 1041 64

A total of 105 isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated for susceptibility to moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin, a newly synthesized compound, showed the greatest activity. The MICs and MBCs at which 50 and 90% of isolates were affected were 0.15 (MIC(50) and MBC(50)) and 0.3 microg/ml (MIC(90) and MBC(90)) respectively. The results indicate that moxifloxacin might be promising an antimycoplasmal agent.
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PMID:In vitro activities of moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1135 51

We examined the in-vitro activities of various antibiotics against 25 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (22 clinical isolates and 3 standard strains). In the 22 clinical isolates, the 90% minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC 90) of SCH27899, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline were 16, 2, 2, 4, 0.0039, 0.0039, 0.016, 2, and 4 microg/ml, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC 90) of SCH27899, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, and minocycline were 64, 4, 2, 8, 0.0625, 0.0625, 0.125, 8, and 64 microg/ml, respectively. The low sensitivity of M. pneumoniae to SCH27899 may be a result of the impermeability of the bacteria to this molecule. The results of this study suggest that SCH27899 would not be a suitable antimicrobial agent to use in the alternative chemotherapy of M. pneumoniae infection.
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PMID:Comparison of in-vitro activities of SCH27899 and other antibiotics against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1145 4

In vitro assays using a variety of essential oils revealed a particularly high antibacterial effect of Australian tea tree oil (TTO) on a great number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria of unrelated phylogenetic origin. In the present study, the susceptibility of cell wall-less bacteria such as the human pathogenic bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae to Australian tea tree oil was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 0.006% (v/v) TTO for the wild type and to 0.003% (v/v) TTO for mutants of M. pneumoniae which lost the ability to adhere to host cells (cytadherence-negative). The MIC and the MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) for M. pneumoniae are 100 times lower than those for all other eubacteria tested. Electron microscopy with negatively stained cells as well as with ultrathin sections revealed a tendency to ovoid or round cells after oil treatment whereas the untreated cells of the wild type exhibit a flask-shaped morphology with a tip-like structure at one pole of the cell. The integrity of the mycoplasmal membrane seems not to be affected by TTO since no leakage of the Mycoplasma cell was observed after oil treatment. In the HET-CAM test TTO did not show any visible signs of irritation in concentrations less than 25%. Although the active component in TTO that has anti-mycoplasmal activity is not known, it seems very promising to use TTO tentatively for mouth washing and inhalation in case of Mycoplasma-pneumoniae-infection.
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PMID:Effect of Australian tea tree oil on the viability of the wall-less bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1182 21


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