Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin and doxycycline against 29 human respiratory or urogenital tract mycoplasmas. Gemifloxacin was highly active against all of the mycoplasma and ureaplasma species tested (MIC range 0.001-0.25 mg/L) and was 5- to 100-fold more active than ciprofloxacin. Doxycycline was less active than gemifloxacin against the mycoplasmas (MIC range 0.01-1 mg/L) but had similar activity against Ureaplasma urealyticum (MIC ranges 0.025-0.25 mg/L and 0.1-0. 25 mg/L, respectively). The macrolides, particularly azithromycin, were more active than gemifloxacin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MIC range 0.001-0.0025 mg/L) and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.0005-0. 001 mg/L) isolates but were less active against Mycoplasma fermentans and U. urealyticum and inactive against Mycoplasma hominis. Gemifloxacin may therefore be useful in the treatment of respiratory, urogenital or systemic mycoplasma infections in humans.
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PMID:In vitro activity of gemifloxacin (SB 265805; LB20304a) against human mycoplasmas. 1070 59

Gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which has an enhanced affinity for topoisomerase i.v.. It has potent activity against most Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gemifloxacin is over 30-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 4- to 8-fold more active than moxifloxacin against this pathogen. Gemifloxacin has excellent activity against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and is unaffected by beta-lactamase production. It is generally 2-fold less active than ciprofloxacin against most Enterobacteriaceae. Atypical respiratory pathogens (Legionella, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia spp.) are highly susceptible to gemifloxacin. Preliminary results from phase II trials show that oral gemifloxacin 320 mg/day produced bacteriological responses of 94.7% in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and 95% of patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Adverse events included nausea, abdominal pain, headache and mild rash in patients and healthy volunteers treated with gemifloxacin 320 mg/day. Gemifloxacin has a low potential for mild phototoxicity (comparable to that of ciprofloxacin).
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PMID:Gemifloxacin. 1085 45

This multicentre, randomized, double blind, parallel group study compared the efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin (320 mg once daily) with trovafloxacin (200 mg once daily) in 571 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although treatment was given routinely for 7 days it could be extended to 14 days; two-thirds of patients were treated for 7 days. High clinical success rates were noted at follow-up in the per-protocol population in both the gemifloxacin group (95.8%) and the trovafloxacin group (93.6%), non-inferiority with 95% CI. In the intent-to-treat population, the clinical success rate at follow-up was significantly superior for gemifloxacin (87.6%) compared with trovafloxacin (81.1%; 95% CI 0.5, 12.4). The pathogens identified most commonly at presentation were Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Gemifloxacin eradicated 100% of S. pneumoniae. One bacteraemic isolate of S. pneumoniae was associated with clinical failure in the trovafloxacin group (MIC of trovafloxacin 8 mg/L). Gemifloxacin was well tolerated and the incidence of transient liver function abnormalities was very low. Gemifloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with CAP.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of gemifloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, double-blind comparison with trovafloxacin. 1167 67

The MIC of gemifloxacin was compared with that of sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin using 97 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. MBCs of fluoroquinolones were determined for a subgroup of 12 isolates. Macrolides were the most potent agents with MIC(90)s for all drugs <or=0.001 mg/l. The doxycycline MIC(90) was 0.5 mg/l. Gemifloxacin MICs ranged from <or=0.001 to 0.25 mg/l. The gemifloxacin MIC(90) (0.125 mg/l) was equivalent to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin, was 2-fold lower than sparfloxacin, 8-fold lower than levofloxacin and 32-fold lower than ciprofloxacin. MBCs for gemifloxacin were predominantly within 2-4 times the corresponding MIC values, indicating a bactericidal effect.
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PMID:Inhibitory and bactericidal activities of gemifloxacin and other antimicrobials against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 1279 72