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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An acute pneumonia developed in 28 calves which had been housed together from one to two weeks of age. The clinical signs included pyrexia, tachypnoea, respiratory distress and coughing. Some of the calves died. The pneumonia was characterised by an alveolitis with multinucleated syncytia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia and bronchiolitis. Interstitial emphysema was also present. Fifteen of 19 calves examined serologically had rising neutralising antibody titres to respiratory syncytial virus; in nine calves the rise was fourfold or greater. Respiratory syncytial virus was not isolated from the calves. There was no evidence of parainfluenza type 3 virus involvement. The adult cows being sucked by the calves remained clinically normal throughout the incident. Six calves examined six weeks after the outbreak started had a chronic cuffing pneumonia characterised by lymphocytic bronchiolitis; some of the calves also had bronchiolitis obliterans. Mycoplasma dispar was found in two of them.
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PMID:Acute fatal pneumonia in calves due to respiratory syncytial virus. 725 27

Fatal Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a 30-yr-old woman is described. After 9 days of symptoms, the patient developed severe respiratory distress, rapidly progressive pneumonia, cardiovascular collapse, and acute renal failure. Death occurred 24 h after hospital admission. Postmortem examination demonstrated a diffuse membranous laryngotracheobronchitis, massive bilateral pneumonia, disseminated intravascular coagulation with widespread renal involvement, and hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from the trachea, lungs, kidney, and brain, indicating hematogenous dissemination of the organism from its portal of entry in the respiratory tract.
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PMID:Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Report of a fatal case, and a review of the literature. 741 24

Genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in different neonatal diseases as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. This prospective study was conducted to specify their role in these diseases. POPULATION AND METHODS--A pharyngeal or tracheal swab specimen for mycoplasmas culture was obtained from 100 infants admitted consecutively to the Neonatal Care Unit (NCU) during the first 24 hours of life. Mycoplasma culture of blood and cerebrospinal fluid was also performed. Pharyngeal and/or tracheal specimens were collected again on days 5, 15 and 28 if the child was still in the NCU. Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) were identified by culture in a modified Hayflick's medium. RESULTS--Three-hundred and ten pharyngeal or tracheal swabs were obtained (100 on day 0, 89 on day 5, 72 on day 15 and 49 on day 28). Twenty-one infants had one or more positive swabs in the first five days of life (20 on day 0 and one on day 5); those forming the "Myco+" group and the others forming the "Myco-" group. Uu was isolated alone from 20 infants, associated with Mh from one. Both groups were similar for gestational age, birth weight, maternal fever during labor, prolonged rupture of the fetal membranes or chorioamnionitis and for the incidence of acute respiratory distress. There was a statistically significant difference for the route of delivery (chi 2 < 0.02). One blood culture (from 92 performed) was positive for Uu and another positive for Uu and Mh. Both children were cured without any specific mycoplasmacidal therapy. Three children had probable Uu infection and were also cured without specific therapy. CONCLUSIONS--A pharyngeal colonization with genital mycoplasmas is common in the first days of life (21%) but our data do not allow us to conclude that they are accountable for newborn infections.
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PMID:[Prospective study of neonatal genital mycoplasma colonization and infection]. 766 51

An 18-year-old woman developed respiratory distress and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bronchoalveolar lavage findings indicated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Cultures of the lavage fluid and the pharynx grew Mycoplasma species; the pharyngeal isolate was identified as Mycoplasma hominis. Mycoplasma hominis infection may have an etiologic role in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
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PMID:Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with Mycoplasma hominis respiratory tract infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient. 820 3

Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were recovered from nasopharyngeal aspirates from 25% of 63 infants admitted to a neonatal unit; this proportion is significantly higher than that seen in a control population of maternity ward babies (0%). Birth by cesarean section was associated with a reduced risk of recovery of mycoplasmas. No specific diseases were significantly associated with recovery of mycoplasmas; furthermore, no obstetrical factors were associated with recovery of mycoplasmas from the neonates and no association was found between mycoplasma infection and respiratory distress. However, fetal distress, probably of multifactorial origin, was found in 44% of neonates with positive cultures for Ureaplasma urealyticum; this proportion was significantly elevated as compared with the subgroup of infants negative for U. urealyticum, suggesting that fetal distress may increase the infectivity of this opportunistic organism.
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PMID:[A prospective study of mycoplasma infection in a neonatal unit]. 844 48

Ureaplasma urealyticum, a species of mycoplasma organisms, is a sexually transmitted organism which can cause a pneumonia in premature neonates. Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in the neonate occurs secondary to maternal transmission of the organism to the neonate. Recent studies show very low birth weight neonates with Ureaplasma urealyticum pneumonia are approximately two times more likely to develop chronic lung disease. Clinically Ureaplasma urealyticum pneumonia presents in a premature neonate and is often coexistent with hyaline membrane disease, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and continued respiratory distress without identification of a causative organism. Diagnosis is generally by tracheal aspirate or spinal fluid culture. Ureaplasma urealyticum requires specific culture media to grow, and recovery of the organism can take several weeks. Clinical management of the infant includes administration of erythromycin and meticulous pulmonary toilet. A case study which represents the typical presentation of Ureaplasma urealyticum pneumonia is included.
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PMID:Ureaplasma urealyticum and its role in neonatal lung disease. 847 8

Immunohistochemistry and bacteriologic culturing were used to detect Mycoplasma bovis in tissue specimens from feedlot calves affected with pneumonia and arthritis. Two herds with 110 Charolais calves and 25 Angus calves were examined. Clinical signs included severe respiratory distress, anorexia, pyrexia, and lameness, which affected nearly a third of the calves. Lung lesions were characterized by numerous abscesses. Synovial lesions of the limbs included pyogranulomatous tenosynovitis, bursitis, and synovitis, particularly in the areas of the carpal and elbow joints. Abscesses in lung and synovial tissues contained accumulations of M bovis antigens, as revealed by immunohistochemistry. The findings of this report indicate that infection with M bovis may result in a pneumonia-arthritis syndrome with pyogranulomatous lesions in calves.
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PMID:Mycoplasma bovis-associated pneumonia and arthritis complicated with pyogranulomatous tenosynovitis in calves. 875 89

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of premature infants who are mechanically ventilated due to respiratory distress. The disease consists of an initial inflammatory influx of neutrophils to the lungs, followed by long-term chronic fibrosis of the lung tissue. The antigenic repertoire that initiates the inflammatory component of BPD has not been defined. Furthermore, the repertoire of cytokines responsible for attracting neutrophils to the lung and the mediators of pathogenesis in BPD have not been characterized. Mycoplasmas such as Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum have been isolated from the lungs of infants that developed BPD and yet have not been widely recognized as potential initiators of the inflammatory component of BPD. In the studies described here, we examined the ability of both viable and heat-killed Mycoplasma hominis to elicit type II epithelial cell production of cytokines that are chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), particularly interleukin-8 (IL-8) and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). The results of these studies demonstrate that M. hominis and M. hominis antigen are potent stimulators of type II epithelial cell-derived IL-8 and ENA-78. Thus, these data strongly suggest that the presence of M. hominis in the lungs of premature infants may initiate the inflammatory component of BPD by inducing epithelial cell production of cytokines chemotactic for PMNs. Furthermore, these data suggest that the onset of the inflammatory component of BPD likely precedes, and is independent of, the recruitment and activation of alveolar macrophages.
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PMID:Induction of neutrophil chemoattractant cytokines by Mycoplasma hominis in alveolar type II cells. 939 6

Legionellosis is an important cause of severe pneumonia in the community. Inadequate therapy will lead to respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and finally fatal multiple organ failure. We encountered a rare case in which early manifestation included septic shock and DIC complicated by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suspected to be derived from Legionnaires' disease. A 54-year-old healthy female complained of lumbago, high fever and dry cough 10 days after visiting a hot spring spa. She was emmergently admitted due to shock. Physical examination demonstrated hypotension, high fever, course creakle in the right lower lung. Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and eruption were not found. WBC count was 34600/microliters with nuclear shift. CRP elevated. FDP, D dimer and TAT also elevated CPK elevated with dominance of the MB isozyme. Chest roentogenography revealed congestive heart failure, pleural effusion and obscure pneumonic shadow and EKG showed ST segment elevation in leads I, II, III, aVF, V4, V5, and V6. The patient was diagnosed as having septic shock, DIC and AMI. She was treated with gabexate mesilate, high dose methyl prednisolone and dopamine hydrochloride as well as piperacillin, meropenem, isepamycin and fluconzaole. Despite intensive care, the blood pressure fell again and pneumonia had progressed on the 8th hospital day. These antibiotics appeared to be ineffective. Erythromycin was then administered and a dramatic effect. was obtained as the patient recovered. Serum titer of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) rose to 128-fold 2 weeks after the onset. Other serum titers such as Chlamydia psittaci, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma were all negative. Cultures obtained from the sputum, throat swab, urine and blood did not yield any microorganisms. Although the diagnosis could not be confirmed because the titer did not elevate over 256-fold of 4-fold within 2 weeks after the onset, Legionella infection was highly suspected from the clinical features. This is a rare case in which septic shock and DIC with AMI preceded pulmonary symptoms in a non-immunocompromised patient.
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PMID:[Early manifestation of septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation complicated by acute myocardial infarction in a patient suspected of having Legionnaires' disease]. 958 3

A survey designed to obtain information on the indications, contraindications, complications, and methodology of percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse was sent to large animal diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Sixty-five of 190 diplomates returned the survey (response rate: 34%) and 59 of these 65 respondents (91%) indicated that they worked with horses. Forty-four diplomates had performed a percutaneous lung biopsy in 1 or more horses (i.e. 75% of those diplomates working with horses and 68% of total respondents). Clinical and radiologic diagnoses that prompted diplomates to perform percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse included a pulmonary miliary pattern (93%), suspicion of pulmonary infiltrative disease (91%), suspicion of pulmonary neoplasia (91%), suspicion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (20%), and suspicion of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) (7%). Only one of the respondents reported the use of percutaneous lung biopsy in the diagnostic workup if pneumonia was suspected, but 11% of respondents reported that suspicion of pulmonary abscessation would prompt them to perform a percutaneous lung biopsy. In contrast, a variable percentage of respondents felt there were contraindications to performance of this technique, which included neonatal septicemia (68%), pulmonary abscessation (65%), pleuropneumonia (55%) and pneumonia (42%), EIPH (41%), and COPD (26%). No respondent indicated that suspicion of neoplasia was a contraindication to percutaneous biopsy. Most common complications observed by respondents were epistaxis (68% of respondents), putative pulmonary hemorrhage (52%), tachypnea (39%), and respiratory distress (32%). Ten of 44 respondents (23%) had not seen any complications with percutaneous lung biopsy. Forty-two of 44 respondents (96%) warned owners about possible complications before performing percutaneous lung biopsy. All respondents to this question reported that they would perform percutaneous lung biopsies in horses in the future, but 4 of 41 would use the procedure only as a last resort.
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PMID:Survey of the large animal diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine regarding percutaneous lung biopsy in the horse. 985 39


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