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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Etiology and clinical manifestations have been studied in 153 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infection, and the results are presented according to clinical and radiographic diagnosis. Laboratory investigations revealed that bacterial infection, mycoplasma and chlamydia included, occurred as often in 22 patients whose clinical diagnoses of pneumonia were not evident radiographically, as in 20 patients with radiographic pneumonia. In the latter group significantly higher values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were demonstrated. The most common pathogen was influenzavirus A, followed by respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was found in 3 patients with radiographic pneumonia. The study supports the traditional view that patients with a positive chest radiograph as a rule present more serious manifestations of lower respiratory tract pathology than patients with a normal radiograph. However, as only 1/9 patients with pneumococcal infection and 2/7 with mycoplasmal infection had radiographic evidence of pneumonia, radiography alone did not seem to offer sufficient information for selecting patients for antibacterial therapy.
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PMID:Pneumonia--a clinical or radiographic diagnosis? Etiology and clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection in adults in general practice. 146 84

The prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was studied among 191 pregnant women followed up at Diaconesses Hospital, Paris. Ureaplasma urealyticum was recovered from 65% of patients, alone (54%) or in association with Mycoplasma hominis (11%). The relationship to pregnancy outcome, the effect of erythromycin treatment, the interest of biological markers of infection (mycoplasmal quantitation and serologic tests, C-reactive protein) and the role of other known genital pathogens were investigated. Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum according to biological criteria (i.e. vaginal concentration greater than 10(3) CCU/ml or coisolation of Mycoplasma hominis) was significantly associated with an increased risk of: 1. premature rupture of the fetal membranes; 2. prematurity in cases of preterm labor. Erythromycin treatment was able to prevent only the risk of prematurity. On the other hand, we didn't show any influence of mycoplasmal colonization on birth weight, if expressed with regard to gestational age. An immune response to Ureaplasma urealyticum was demonstrated in 15% of patients; rare fourfold antibody rises were detected specially in the case of a second trimester spontaneous abortion and of an intrauterine death (both were untreated patients) and probably attest an infectious process. A randomized trial with a larger study sample must be undertaken to corroborate these preliminary data.
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PMID:[Mycoplasmas and pregnancy. Preliminary study]. 162 24

Respiratory tract pathogens (beta-haemolytic streptococci groups A, C and G, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis or pneumococci), were isolated from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs in 73/138 (53%) patients greater than 10 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent nasopharyngitis or acute bronchitis. Serological evidence of a viral infection (influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was found in 10% of the patients. The serum content of C-reactive protein (S-CRP) was increased (greater than 12 mg/l) in 26/33 (79%) patients with streptococci and in 22/59 (37%) patients without respiratory tract bacteria. In patients with a serological evidence of a virus tonsillitis, the S-CRP was also high (32-64 mg/l). At follow-up 10-12 days after the first visit, the clinical effect of erythromycin and penicillin V was judged to be similar (90% clinical effect). Relapse or re-infection with group A streptococci were seen in 7 patients (4 on erythromycin, 3 on penicillin). In another 6 patients (3 on erythromycin, 3 on penicillin), antibiotic treatment was switched owing to persisting symptoms, probably due to H. Influenzae infection in 3 cases. The patients' own estimates of their symptoms suggested treatment with erythromycin to have a more rapid effect than treatment with penicillin.
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PMID:Erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum C-reactive protein. 190 52

We studied selected epidemiologic, clinical, serologic, and microbiologic findings and their interrelationships among 57 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Cervical cultures positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae alone and for both N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis were associated with young age, nulliparity, and use of birth-control pills. Positive serologic findings for C. trachomatis were associated with the isolation of C. trachomatis and/or N. gonorrhoeae from the cervix and predicted the presence of a pelvic mass. High levels of antibody to Mycoplasma hominis were associated with increasing age and parity, and predicted a low concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), a long hospital stay, and a high convalescent-phase erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Women with recurrent PID had higher titers of antibody to C. trachomatis than those with primary PID. The use of an intrauterine contraceptive device predicted high CRP, high acute-phase ESR, long hospital stay, and was frequently associated with positive serologic tests for M. hominis. These results demonstrate that the clinical picture of PID depends not only on the microorganisms involved but also on many epidemiologic factors such as age, contraceptive method, and parity.
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PMID:Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 308 18

The combined use of microbiological, serological and clinical laboratory methods was evaluated for etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in 106 military conscripts. Special attention was paid to rapid diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and its differentiation from viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia. The microbial etiology could be established in 91 (86%) of the pneumonia patients. Pneumococcal etiology was definitely established in 32 (30%) patients and considered probable in an additional 21 patients (20%). Infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus was confirmed in 23 (22%) of the patients. Mixed infections was observed in 28 (31%) of the patients with established etiology. Detection of pneumococcal antigen was the best rapid diagnostic method, being positive in 90% of the patients with purulent sputum samples in the group with a definite diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia prior to the start of antimicrobial treatment, while Gram stain was positive in only 65% of these patients. Sputum purulence could be used to differentiate very significantly pneumococcal from viral and mycoplasmal pneumonia (p less than 0.001). These categories of pneumonia could also be successfully differentiated by clinical laboratory tests, of which the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein were most useful. The suggested cut-off value for the cell count was 10 X 10(9)/l, and for C-reactive protein 85 mg/l. These tests could not differentiate viral from mycoplasmal pneumonias.
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PMID:Etiological diagnosis of pneumonia in military conscripts by combined use of bacterial culture and serological methods. 313 34

A sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay procedure was used to determine the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CPR) in the acute and convalescent phase sera of patients with verified rubella, herpes simplex, cytomegalo, influenza A or B, enterovirus, or mycoplasma infection. In all infection groups about 90% (80% for influenza) elevated CRP values were observed in the acute phase sera (mean values in the different groups 16-57 micrograms/ml), the highest values exceeding or approaching 100 micrograms/ml. The serum CRP values were highest in all groups before the specific serum antibodies were detectable and decreased approaching the upper limit or normal controls (2 microgram/ml) within 2 weeks. Notable individual variation in the CRP production was seen. We conclude tha serum CRP determination should not be used as a reliable criterion to distinguish bacterial and viral infections.
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PMID:C-reactive protein in acute viral infections. 627 2

The hospital records of 150 patients with viral, mycoplasma and bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia were analyzed retrospectively to ascertain the discriminative value, regarding the aetiological diagnosis, of the information obtained on admission from the patient history, physical examination, simple laboratory tests and chest X-ray. With stepwise multiple discriminant analysis, the five best variables led to correct classification of 92% of bacteraemic pneumococcal, 88% of mycoplasmal, 76% of viral, and 85% of all pneumonias. Addition of a further nine variables increased the total discriminating capacity to only 89%. The best discriminating variables were the C-reactive protein determination, the presence or absence of predisposing disease or previous antibiotic treatment, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the presence of lymphocytosis and the band neutrophile count.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of viral, mycoplasmal and bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonias on admission to hospital. 688 48

In order to study predictors of fever response in children with radiologic pulmonary infiltrates treated with antibiotics, 156 children with pneumonia were evaluated with slide test C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), blood cultures, acute and convalescent viral and mycoplasma titers, and then followed clinically. Both CRP (+) at a serum dilution of 1:50 and WBC greater than or equal to 15,000 were better predictors of rapid resolution of fever while the patient was receiving antibiotics than were ESR greater than or equal to 30 or temperature greater than or equal to 40 C. WBC greater than or equal to 15,000 was nearly as specific but more sensitive than CRP (+) 1:50 for resolution of fever in either 8, 12 or 24 hours. Positive blood or lung bacterial cultures, but not four-fold or greater viral or mycoplasma titer increases, were also associated with rapid resolution of fever. WBC greater than or equal to 15,000 is useful in predicting rapid fever response in children with pneumonia treated with antibiotics.
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PMID:Predicting fever response of children with pneumonia treated with antibiotics. 742 54

The objective of this study was to evaluate maternal temperature, heart rate, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein in the prediction of fetal bacteraemia and positive amniotic fluid cultures in 75 pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor amniorrhexis. Cordocentesis and amniocentesis were performed and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Amniotic fluid was also cultured for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Patients were classified into 3 groups: negative fetal blood and amniotic fluid cultures (group 1, n = 45); negative fetal blood but positive amniotic fluid cultures (group 2, n = 18), and positive fetal blood cultures (group 3, n = 12). In the groups with intrauterine infection compared to the non-infected group, the median maternal temperature, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein were significantly higher. In groups 1, 2 and 3 the respective incidences of maternal pyrexia were 0, 7 and 16% and raised C-reactive protein 13, 28 and 33%. In pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor amniorrhexis, maternal temperature, heart rate, leukocyte count and C-reactive protein do not provide sensitive prediction of intrauterine infection.
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PMID:Maternal assessment in the prediction of intrauterine infection in preterm prelabor amniorrhexis. 757 65

Among 72 adult patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis, serological investigation established the presence of an aetiologic agent in 29 (40%). Influenza virus was the most common pathogen. Seven patients had bacterial infection, caused by pneumococci in four patients and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in three. Five of the patients had pneumonia as diagnosed by radiography, and mycoplasmal aetiology was established in one of these. Altogether, 11 patients either had bacterial infection or radiographic pneumonia. Although the doctors' recording of wheezes was strongly associated with prescription of antibiotics (p < 0.0001), wheezes were heard only in two of the 11 patients with pneumonia or bacterial infection, compared with 30 of the 61 patients with viral or unspecified bronchitis. The median value of C-reactive protein (CRP) was 52 mg/l in the 11 patients, significantly higher than < 11 mg/l in the 61 other patients (p < 0.0001). The corresponding values for erythrocyte sedimentation rate were 45 and 14 mm/h (p < 0.0005). The results indicate that certain patients with acute bronchitis should be treated with antibiotics, and that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the CRP-test may be useful in detecting which patients this applies to.
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PMID:[Acute bronchitis in adults. Clinical findings, microorganisms and use of antibiotics]. 800 31


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