Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniac causes primary atypical-cold agglutinin-positive pneumonia. Since alveolar macrophages internalize mycoplasma as part of their immune defense, we studied characteristics of the human macrophage receptor for opsonized and nonopsonized M. pneumoniae. The glass-adhering subpopulation of M. pneumoniae attached more than the non-adherent subpopulation. The attachment was dose-dependent and enhanced by opsonization in the presence of human serum. It is inhibited by sulfated compounds such as dextran-sulfate and polyanetholsulfonic acid, but not by dextran or several monosaccharides, suggesting that sulfated glycolipids on the macrophage surface may act as receptors for M. pneumoniae binding. In addition, sialylated compounds, such as fetuin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, were found to be potent inhibitors of the attachment, also indicating the role of sialic acid residue in recognition and attachment of M. pneumoniae to human alveolar macrophages.
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PMID:Adherence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to human alveolar macrophages. 888 Jan 39

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) cell extracts (CE) have a remarkably powerful and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on antigen, superantigen, or mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation in vitro. Purification of the inhibitory component present in S. pyogenes type M5 (Manfredo strain) CE by anion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography showed that the inhibitor had an approximate native molecular mass of 100 kDa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified inhibitory fractions followed by silver staining gave a single band with an approximate molecular mass of 47 kDa, indicating that the inhibitor is composed of two identical subunits. NH2-terminal sequencing of the protein revealed that it was identical to the previously characterized streptococcal acid glycoprotein (SAGP); this protein possesses between 31.5 and 39.0% amino acid identity with arginine deiminase (AD) from Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma arginini, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AD enzyme activity was present in unfractionated CE prepared from a range of streptococcal strains, and partially purified inhibitory fractions of Manfredo CE also had high levels of activity. The inhibitory effect of Manfredo CE was overcome by the addition of L-arginine to proliferation assays in which human PBMC were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. We conclude that SAGP, or its homolog, possesses AD activity and that the potent inhibition of proliferation of human T cells by streptococcal CE is due to activity of this enzyme.
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PMID:Inhibition of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation by Streptococcus pyogenes cell extract is associated with arginine deiminase activity. 963 65

This study identifies an adhesin-like glycoprotein, which was a 110 kDa protein (P110) under HPLC-GPC assay. This adhesin consisted of one P54 and two P28 subunits. In addition, N-glycosidase F could cleave all N-linked oligosaccharides on the P54 subunit. Experimental results indicated that P110 with native conformations significantly inhibited the adherence of biotin-labeled porcine tracheal epithelial cell extracts to the intact M. hyopneumoniae cells (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the biotin-labeled porcine tracheal epithelial cell extracts specifically bound to P54 and P28 subunits. This binding could be competitively inhibited by unlabeled porcine tracheal epithelial extracts and SPF porcine antisera against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Both P54 and P28 subunits were constitutively expressed in different strains of M. hyopneumoniae. Their production was negligibly changed at various passages during in vitro cultivation. The significant role of this adhesin-like glycoprotein in the pathogenesis of swine pneumonia is under study.
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PMID:Identification of a novel adhesin-like glycoprotein from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. 969 83

The relationships between 4 bacterial and 3 viral antibody titers and morbidity (undifferentiated fever (UF)) and mortality were investigated in recently weaned beef calves. Blood samples from 100 animals that required treatment for UF (Cases) and 100 healthy control animals (Controls) were obtained: upon arrival at the feedlot (Arrival), at the time of selection as a Case or Control (Selection), and at approximately 33 d of the feeding period (Convalescent). Seroconversion to Pasteurella haemolytica antileukotoxin was associated with an increased risk of UF (OR = 2.83); however, seroconversion to bovine herpesvirus-1 G-IV glycoprotein was associated with a decreased risk of UF (OR = 0.43). Higher Arrival bovine viral diarrhea virus antibody titer was associated with a decreased risk of UF (OR = 0.83). Increases in Mycoplasma alkalescens antibody titer after Arrival were associated with an increased risk of UF (OR = 1.10). Higher Arrival Haemophilus somnus antibody titer and increases in Haemophilus somnus antibody titer after Arrival were both associated with a decreased risk of UF (OR = 0.76 and OR = 0.78). The odds of overall mortality (OR = 5.09) and hemophilosis mortality (OR = 11.31) in Cases were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the Controls. Higher Arrival bovine herpesvirus-1 antibody titer was associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR = 1.30). Protective immunity to Pasteurella haemolytica antileukotoxin, Haemophilus somnus, bovine herpesvirus-1 G-IV glycoprotein, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and Mycoplasma spp. may be necessary to reduce the occurrence of UF. Animals with UF are at an increased risk of overall and hemophilosis mortality.
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PMID:Seroepidemiology of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves in western Canada. 991 66

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine fibrinohemorrhagic necrotizing pleuropneumonia. We have previously identified the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as the major adhesin of A. pleuropneumoniae involved in adherence to porcine respiratory tract cells. In the present study, adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae to porcine tracheal frozen sections was inhibited by homologous monovalent Fab fragments produced from monoclonal antibodies 5.1 G8F10 and 102-G02 directed, respectively, against the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 or serotype 2 O-antigens. These results confirm the important role played by LPS in adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae and suggest that these adhesins might represent good vaccine candidates. We also investigated the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae receptors in tracheal cell preparations from piglets of four different breeds. Using Far-Western binding assays, we identified proteins recognized by whole cells of A. pleuropneumoniae reference strains for serotype 1 and 2, and local isolates belonging to the same serotypes, and also recognized by extracted LPS from both reference strains. We confirmed the proteinaceous nature of these LPS-binding molecules by their staining with Coomassie brilliant blue, sensitivity to proteinase K digestion, resistance to sodium m-periodate oxidation, and their inability to stain with glycoprotein-specific reagents. Four low-molecular-mass bands (14-17 kDa) seemed to correspond to histones. We also identified proteins at Mr 38,500 that could represent putative receptors for A. pleuropneumoniae LPS in swine respiratory tract cells.
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PMID:Inhibition of adherence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to porcine respiratory tract cells by monoclonal antibodies directed against LPS and partial characterization of the LPS receptors. 1052 35

To investigate pathophysiologies of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection from an immunological point of view, we measured the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) (originally designated gamma interferon [IFN-gamma]-inducing factor) in 19 serum samples from 10 patients with pneumonia without pleural effusion (ages 1 to 16 years), 3 serum and 13 pleural fluid samples from 11 patients with pleural effusions (ages 11 months to 15 years), and 18 serum and 27 cerebrospinal fluid samples from 24 patients with central nervous system complications (ages 1 to 15 years). IL-18 was measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-12, and KL-6 (a mucin-like glycoprotein expressed on type 2 pneumocytes) were measured in selected samples. The results concerning pleural effusions showed that elevated levels of IL-18 in pleural fluid, but not in serum, were solely associated with a sustained fibrotic change of the lung on chest roentgenography which might represent a pathological feature of intraluminal organization. All the pleural fluid samples with elevated levels of IL-18 were positive by PCR for M. pneumoniae DNA. There was no association between IL-18 and IFN-gamma levels in serum or in the pleural fluid. On the other hand, elevated levels of IL-18 in serum, but not in cerebrospinal fluid samples, were observed in the cases complicated by central nervous system involvement, including profound brain dysfunction with seizures. Our study demonstrated that M. pneumoniae can induce IL-18 and that the enhanced local production of IL-18 in the lung is closely associated with pulmonary disease manifestation.
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PMID:Close association between pulmonary disease manifestation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and enhanced local production of interleukin-18 in the lung, independent of gamma interferon. 1106 97

Combined/composite vaccines should be useful in reducing the number of vaccinations and provide more flexibility in confronting biological warfare scenarios. We tested the effectiveness of a composite genetic vaccine designed from previously known protective antigens directed against influenza A virus (INF-A), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a mouse-based challenge. Immunizing mice with a pool of four plasmids; INF-A haemagglutinin (HA), INF-A nucleoprotein (NP), HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) and RSV glycoprotein F, against the three pathogens provided full protection when mice were challenged with each pathogen. Remarkably, mice challenged with all three pathogens at once were also fully protected, even when a bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma pulmonis, was included in the challenge. If these results are extendable to other combinations of vaccines in other hosts, it would support the development of gene vaccines as multi-component, combination vaccines.
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PMID:A combination vaccine confers full protection against co-infections with influenza, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses. 1167 20

Two hundred seventy-nine serum samples from men attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, were tested for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-specific antibody by three immunosorbent glycoprotein G-2-based assays (the Kalon, Focus, and Biokit assays). The results for all samples with positive results were confirmed by Western blotting (91/279; 32.6% HSV-2 seroprevalence). All patients were also tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and hepatitis C virus. The Kalon assay performed very well with samples from this population (90.8% sensitive, 99.4% specific), whereas the Focus assay had a sensitivity (82.6%) much lower than that shown previously. For 19.7% of the samples, the Biokit assay gave an indeterminate result. It was found that the odds of a sample having a Biokit assay indeterminate result compared to that of having a definitive positive or negative results were 3.88 times greater for subjects concurrently infected with N. gonorrhoeae, after the effects of other STDs were controlled for (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 1.78, 8.45). Unfortunately, we were unable to control for HSV-1 infection status in the regression model, which, on the basis of chi(2) analysis, might also affect the clarity of the Biokit test. The recommended index cutoff value of 1.1 for the Focus and Kalon assays was found to be optimal for this population.
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PMID:Effect of sexually transmitted disease (STD) coinfections on performance of three commercially available immunosorbent assays used for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific antibody in men attending Baltimore, Maryland, STD clinics. 1791 66

Bovine acute phase proteins (APPs), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were evaluated as inflammatory markers during an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Calves (n = 10) presented mild to moderate signs of respiratory disease. Secondary bacterial infections, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma dispar as major species, were detected in tracheobronchial lavage samples. Concentrations of SAA and LBP increased at week 1 had the highest values at week 3 and decreased at week 4 of outbreak. Some calves had high Hp concentrations at week 3, but AGP concentrations did not rise during respiratory disease. Higher SAA, LBP and Hp concentrations at a later stage of BRD (week 3) were associated with the low BRSV-specific IgG(1) production, suggesting that these calves had enhanced inflammatory response to the secondary bacterial infection. In conclusion, APPs (especially SAA and LBP) are sensitive markers of respiratory infection, and they may be useful to explore host response to the respiratory infections in clinical research.
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PMID:Acute phase protein changes in calves during an outbreak of respiratory disease caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. 1989 47

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a major pathogen of poultry that causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. A live attenuated vaccine, ts-11, has been used for the control of MG in several countries. The efficacy of this vaccine is highly dose dependent and the flock antibody response is weak. To improve the functionality of the vaccine and investigate its potential as a delivery vector for foreign antigens and immunomodulatory proteins, we developed a derivative of ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-S1 glycoprotein (IBV-S1) and releasing chicken interleukin-6 into the extracellular milieu (MG ts-11 C3 (+CS)) using a transposon-based delivery vector. Following administration of MG ts-11 C3 (+CS) to chickens by eye-drop, an antibody response to MG and IBV-S1, as determined by the rapid serum agglutination test (RSA) and Western blotting, respectively, could be detected. Birds inoculated with the recombinant vaccine had significantly enhanced weight gain and were partially protected against damage by pathogenic IBV. These results indicate that the ChIL-6 released by MG ts-11 C3 (+CS) may have had a non-specific effect on growth rate. They also suggest that ts-11 is a promising vaccine vector, capable of delivering heterologous protective antigens, and may also provide non-specific benefits when engineered to express immunomodulatory proteins. With some improvements in the expression system, it could be used to induce a targeted immune response against specific mucosal pathogens, and co-expression of several antigens would allow development of a novel multivalent vaccine.
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PMID:Development and immunogenicity of recombinant GapA(+) Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-S1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6. 2135 48


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