Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Newly hatched chickens were immunized with a temperature-sensitive (TS) Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) mutant (TS 100). Immunized chickens resisted challenge with the virulent S6 strain. The dose of TS MG needed for protection was less than 3.3 X 10(4) colony-forming units. After immunization with TS 100, chickens were subjected to a variety of virus infection and immunosuppressive treatments. Neonatal bursectomy or thymectomy, infectious bursal disease virus infection, and infectious bronchitis virus vaccination or a combination of infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus vaccination did not contribute to the development of air-sac lesions in TS MG-immunized chickens. Infectious bronchitis virus vaccination enabled MG to migrate from the nasal cavity to the trachea but not to the air sacs. The TS MG vaccine appears to be a safe immunogen.
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PMID:Further studies on the immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive Mycoplasma gallisepticum mutant. 632 34

Infectious bronchitis vaccine virus is thought to cycle (i.e., pass from vaccine-virus-infected to susceptible chickens) in commercial broiler and pullet flocks. To simulate the effect of this cycling, mild infectious bronchitis vaccine virus was passaged in chickens serially six times. This sixth passage virus was used to infect chickens, which were then exposed to a moderately cold environment of 10 +/- 2 C and to Mycoplasma synoviae. In two separate experiments, the chicken-passaged vaccine virus resulted in a marked increase in the incidence of airsacculitis compared with nonpassaged vaccine virus. Intermediate passage levels also increased airsacculitis incidence but not as much as the sixth passage virus. In another experiment, virus chicken-passaged by contact transmission also caused increased airsacculitis incidence.
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PMID:Increased incidence of airsacculitis in broilers infected with mycoplasma synoviae and chicken-passaged infectious bronchitis vaccine virus. 633 63

Chickens that have considerable resistance to Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli infection by early development of a native intestinal microflora shed these bacteria following aerosol exposure to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or infectious bronchitis virus. Administration of cyclophosphamide to similarly treated chickens induced slight shedding of these bacteria, and the combination of cyclophosphamide and respiratory agents magnified the shedding rate. These agents also influenced the isolation rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium from the trachea and air sacs.
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PMID:Influence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious bronchitis, and cyclophosphamide on chickens protected by native intestinal microflora against Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli. 633 65

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a newly-developed parenteral cephem antibiotic, was administered to 8 children; by one shot intravenous (i.v.) injection in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, and by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion in the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg each to 2 children, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. CAZ was also administered to 2 patients with purulent meningitis, one complicated with subdural abscess and the other with bacteremia, in the doses of 19.2 and 50.7 mg/kg, respectively, by one shot i.v. injection, and the CSF level of CAZ was determined. In addition, CAZ was administered to 2 children with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 37 with pneumonia, 3 with pleuropneumonia, 1 each for purulent meningitis, purulent meningitis accompanied with subdural abscess and purulent meningitis with bacteremia, 5 with urinary tract infections and 3 with purulent lymphadenitis (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 85.8 mg/kg/day mostly in 4 divided doses by one shot i.v. injection for 9 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse events and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 66 cases which included 12 drop-out cases. 1. After the administration of CAZ to 4 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg each to 2 children, by one shot i.v. injection, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 115.8 and 199.5 mcg/ml, respectively, at 5 minutes. The results were good, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.48 and 1.37 hours, respectively. After the administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg of CAZ each to 2 children by 30 minutes' i.v. drip infusion, the mean serum levels got to the peak of 58.5 and 80.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration, showing dose response. The mean half-lives were 1.06 hours in the former 2 cases, and 1.38 and 3.26 hours, respectively, in the latter 2 cases. The reason for the prolongation observed in 1 case was not clear. 2. In the above mentioned each 2 cases receiving one i.v. injection, the mean urinary levels got to the peak of 4,240 and 4,445 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0-2 hours after the administration , and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were high, 95.7% and 99.5%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 61

Broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously in the neck at various ages with a single 0.5-ml dose of beta-propiolactone-inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) oil-emulsion bacterin. Four weeks later, vaccinated and control chicks were placed in cold environmental cabinets, infected with infectious bronchitis virus intratracheally, and 2 days later challenged by aerosol exposure to live MG broth culture. All chicks were killed 21 days later and scored postmortem for the rate and severity of airsacculitis produced in each group. Broiler chicks vaccinated at 1 day of age had only slight protection against the development of airsacculitis. Results were variable when chicks were vaccinated at 7 days of age, with little evidence of resistance to airsacculitis. However, when broiler chicks were vaccinated with MG bacterins at 11 to 15 days of age, they acquired significant protection against airsacculitis compared with controls. Viable MG organisms were readily isolated from most of the sampled tracheas and air-sac lesions cultured 21 days post-challenge, indicating a lack of protection against infection of the respiratory tract. MG-vaccinated chicks generally produced antibodies readily detectable by the rapid serum-plate test, tube-agglutination, and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. Some of the vaccinated chicks, but none of the unvaccinated control chicks, developed positive reactions to agar-gel-precipitin tests following challenge. Low HI titers at challenge were not necessarily indicative of lack of protection against the development of airsacculitis, since good protection was often observed in chickens with low to moderate HI titers.
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PMID:Evaluation of inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum oil-emulsion bacterins for protection against airsacculitis in broilers. 672 95

An outbreak of urolithiasis that doubled the annual mortality rate of chickens in a large flock of table-egg-layers is described. Despite the presence of a large unilateral urolith and/or severe renal atrophy, the layers often maintained active egg production and apparent homeostasis until a small urolith blocked the ureteral flow from the contralateral kidney. This terminal episode appeared to produce acute obstructive renal failure, rapidly developing visceral gout (visceral urate deposition), uremia, and death. The atrophy observed appeared to be acquired and progressive. Histologic features in the kidneys were acute to chronic glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. Epizootiologic and microbiologic studies indicated that a combination of infectious and noninfectious mechanisms may have been involved. Causative roles for calcium-phosphate imbalance, infectious bronchitis (IB), Newcastle disease (ND), and adenovirus or reovirus infections could be neither excluded nor confirmed. Contributory factors may have been spray ND-IB and other vaccinations of 15-week-old ND-IB-susceptible pullets, water deprivation, shipping stress, Mycoplasma synoviae infection, immune complex disease, and mycotoxins.
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PMID:Epizootiology, pathology, and microbiology of an outbreak of urolithiasis in chickens. 672 98

An investigation into the health and husbandry of 15 small poultry flocks was undertaken. Each flock was visited in July and a questionnaire on management practices and disease history was completed. The flocks were clinically examined and serological tests for Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M synoviae, M meleagridis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, eggdrop syndrome 76, adenoviruses and reoviruses were carried out. Oesophageal and cloacal swabs were cultured for mycoplasma and pullorum reactors were cultured. M gallisepticum, M synoviae, M meleagridis and M gallinarum infections were detected and serological reactions for all the viral diseases, except egg drop syndrome 76, were found. Evidence of Newcastle disease and pullorum disease was encountered. Lice were present in five flocks and mites in four flocks. Welfare standards varied.
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PMID:Survey of the health and husbandry of small poultry flocks in Great Britain. 681 44

Pathogen-free weaning rats of the LEW and F344 strains were caged together for two months to eliminate microbial and environmental differences, and then infected intranasally with 10-fold dilutions of viable Mycoplasma pulmonis. At necropsy 28 days post-inoculation, F344 rats had no gross lung lesions, even those given the maximum dose of 1.4 X 10(9) colony-forming units of M. pulmonis. LEW rats often had extensive gross lesions with a gross-pneumonia-dose50 of 1.1 X 10(7) colony-forming units/rat. Histological examination of the respiratory tract (nasal passages, larynges, tracheae, and lungs) and tympanic cavities showed both qualitative and quantitative differences in lesions between the two strains, particularly in the lungs. Hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue occurred in both strains, but was more extensive in LEW rats. Atelectasis, alveolar consolidation (due primarily to mononuclear inflammatory cells), and suppurative bronchitis and bronchiolitis were seen only in LEW rats. Infiltrates of lymphoid cells into the lungs distal to bronchi and around blood vessels also were seen primarily in LEW rats. These differences between the two rat strains provide excellent model systems with which to dissect the role of cell responses in the pathogenesis of a naturally occurring chronic lung disease.
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PMID:Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis in LEW and F344 rats: strain differences in lesion severity. 697 66

Clinical trials of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic were carried out on 46 pediatric patients of 1 month to 11 years old with infections (acute pharyngitis 12, acute tonsillitis 1, acute bronchitis 14, asthmatic bronchitis 10, acute pneumonia 1, primary atypical pneumonia 2, Mycoplasma pneumonia 4 and pertussis 2). As a rule, MOM was given orally at a daily dose of 20 approximately 40 mg/kg divided into 3 times. The clinical results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 21, fair in 7 and poor in 13 and the efficacy rate was 56.5%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (diarrhea, exanthema, urticaria and eosinophilia, 1 patient respectively). MOM is easy to take and a useful antibiotic for treating patients with bacterial infections, in particular, respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 697 41

The authors have carried out laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) and obtained the following results. 1. Absorption and excretion of MOM. MOM was administered orally to 4 patients at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the fasting condition. The peak of serum levels was found at 30 minutes after administration. The mean values were 1.3 +/- 0.5 microgram/ml, and 1.1 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes and 1 hour respectively. The serum levels were detectable in 2 cases after 2 hours (1.0 and 0.78 microgram/ml), in 1 case after 4 hours (0.78 microgram/ml) and were not detectable in all cases after 6 hours. Half-life was able to calculate in 2 cases (2.5 and 1.5 hours). The mean urinary recovery rate examined in 3 cases was 0.33% for initial 6 hours. 2. Clinical result. MOM was administered to 35 children at a daily dose of 16.7--51.1 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses for 4 to 19 days: 18 cases with bacterial infection (9 cases with tonsillitis, 7 cases with scarlet fever and each 1 case with bronchitis and pneumonia) and 17 cases with Mycoplasma infection (5 cases with bronchitis and 12 cases with pneumonia). The overall clinical response was good in 28 cases (80.0%), fair in 6 cases and poor in 1 case. The efficacy rate in bacterial infections and Mycoplasma infections were 66.7 and 94.1% respectively. Eight strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. pneumoniae were isolated from 9 cases. One strain of S. pyrogenes was eradicated and the others were unchanged. The eradication rate was 11.1%. The MIC of MOM against S. pyogenes was above 50 micrograms/ml in 3 strains out of measured 5 isolated strains. 3. Side effect. Side effects were examined with all the 54 cases involving 19 drop-out cases. Although clinical side effects were not observed, a mild elevation in GOT and a mild rise in eosinophil were observed in 2 cases and 1 case respectively.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the pediatric field]. 698 50


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