Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and yolks from commercial flocks and from hens exposed to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were tested for immunoglobulin G antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Yolks prepared by chloroform extraction and low-speed centrifugation performed well in the serological tests used and were a suitable alternative to serum for antibody determination by the ELISA for NDV, IBV, and MG and by HI test for NDV.
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PMID:Use of egg yolk in serological tests (ELISA and HI) to detect antibody to Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. 609 52

A series of trials was conducted in which specific-pathogen-free (SPF) leghorn chicks were exposed to various isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis. Chicks were inoculated with A. faecalis alone or in combination with Newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (Nc/Br) vaccine, laryngotracheitis vaccine, infectious bursal disease virus, or Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The response was evaluated by morbidity, mortality, airsacculitis, reisolation of A. faecalis, and histopathological lesions of tracheas. Although A. faecalis was recovered up to 42 days postinoculation in some cases, no clinical signs were directly attributed to simple A. faecalis infection. None of the other agents significantly increased the severity of A. faecalis signs or lesions, except that A. faecalis-infected chicks that were given Nc/Br vaccine had prolonged microscopic tracheal lesions. In another trial, the effects of A. faecalis in young SPF leghorns, non-SPF broilers, and turkeys were compared. Broiler-type chicks were more susceptible than leghorns and less susceptible than poults. Consequently, the use of leghorns as a model for studying this infection is questioned.
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PMID:Observations on the pathogenicity of Alcaligenes faecalis in chickens. 622 15

Seventy-three flocks of fowl were tested at regular intervals for the presence of precipitins to fowl adenovirus (AV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), haemaggluinating inhibiting antibodies to BC in 14 virus, and of agglutinins to Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M.g.) and Mycoplasma synoviae (M.s.). In all the eight flocks affected with Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS '76), egg production problems were associated with increasing numbers of BC14 virus reactors and AV reactors. In flocks showing production problems other than EDS'73 without any apparent cause, the average percentage of AV reactors increased significantly after the rearing period; this was not true of IBV reactors. BC14 reactors were either absent or present only once, in small numbers and with low titres, during the test period. The average percentage of AV reactors did not increase after the rearing period either in normally producing flocks or in flocks with production problems for which other diseases or dietary errors plausibly accounted for these problems. All this suggests a pathogenic role of AV in production problems. One can conclude from the high percentage of reactors in all groups of flocks that subclinical IBV infections are common. The percentage of IBV reactors during the laying period of flocks with EDS'76 was significantly higher than that of normally producing flocks. It is therefore suggested that subclinical IBV infection could be among the factors causing stress, acting as a trigger for EDS'76. All M.g.-infected flocks showed production problems; M.s. infections could not be related to egg production disturbances.
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PMID:Egg production in relation to the results of a long term serological survey of 73 flocks of fowl. 624 24

No antibodies against Salmonella pullorum, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Haemophilus gallinarum, fowl pox virus, Marek's disease virus, herpes virus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian adenovirus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, avian leukosis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and Newcastle disease virus were detectable in the sera obtained from these chickens in 3 generations at various ages. Antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus were detected in the sera of the 3rd generations at 66, 74 and 108 weeks of age. The performances of these chickens was nearly the same as that of conventional healthy chickens in the poultry industry, with no tendency to decline.
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PMID:Performance of 3 successive generations of specified-pathogenfree chickens maintained as a closed flock. 625 42

Strains F and R of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were compared in two laboratory trials for their relative pathogenicity in terms of inducing airsacculitis and antibody production to MG. Chickens exposed to the R strain had significantly higher incidence of air-sac lesions (P less than 0.05) and greater severity of airsacculitis than did chicks exposed to the F strain. In both trials, chickens vaccinated simultaneously with Newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis vaccine and exposed to MG had more severe lesions than did chickens exposed to mycoplasma alone. chickens exposed to the F strain had significantly lower geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to MG than did chicks exposed to the R strain. Chickens vaccinated simultaneously with Newcastle disease-infectious bronchitis vaccine and exposed to R strain had significantly lower body weights than did chickens in the other group.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of two strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broilers. 626 40

A lymphocyte transformation microassay was used to study cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses in chickens following inoculation with live infectious bronchitis virus vaccines H 120 and H 52 and challenge with Massachusetts-41 (M-41). Humoral immunity was monitored for comparison, using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) microassay. Specific stimulation of infectious bronchitis virus sensitised lymphocytes was demonstrated by their lack of response to Mycoplasma synoviae and Newcastle disease virus antigens. Positive infectious bronchitis virus stimulation indices appeared before HI titres and ranged from 2.0 to 7.1 over a period of five to 33 days after primary vaccination with H 120. Revaccination with H 52 produced a strong secondary HI response and a relatively weak CMI response. Challenge of vaccinated and revaccinated birds also resulted in strong HI and weaker CMI secondary responses but the more pronounced CMI responses were in the revaccinated-challenged group. There was no correlation between CMI and HI antibody production but a negative correlation was demonstrated between peak CMI responses after vaccination and severity of clinical symptoms after subsequent challenge.
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PMID:Cell mediated and humoral immune response of chickens to live infectious bronchitis vaccines. 627 77

A model system was used to study infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) interaction. The system involved exposure of chickens to IBV, followed by exposure to MS 2-5 days later. The chickens were subjected to a cold environment (10 +/- 2 C) for 3 weeks starting one day before MS exposure. Under these conditions, differences in the capacity of various strains of IBV to exacerbate MS airsacculitis was demonstrated. Exposure to IBV field isolates generally resulted in more air-sac lesions than did higher-egg-passaged laboratory strains and vaccine strains. Use of lower-egg-passaged vaccines resulted in a higher incidence of airsacculitis than did higher-egg-passaged vaccines. When chickens were IBV-vaccinated before being used in the model system, the incidence of airsacculitis was lowered, even though the chickens became infected by the challenge virus. Vaccination of MS-free chickens with IBV had no effect on airsacculitis incidence when MS exposure occurred after the vaccine reaction was past.
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PMID:Influence of infectious bronchitis strains and vaccines on the incidence of Mycoplasma synoviae airsacculitis. 629 45

A naturally occurring, chronic disease of the respiratory tract was investigated from the time of its onset to completion of life-time studies in a colony of rats. The disease was characterized by peribronchial lymphoid cuffing, suppurative bronchitis, bronchiectasis and bronchial abscesses. Its onset in the colony occurred a few months after an epizootic of Sendai virus infection. Limited retrospective serological testing indicated that Mycoplasma pulmonis may have been present in the colony at that time and continued to persist throughout life in some rats in the colony. Although of uncertain significance, light and electron microscopy consistently demonstrated many filamentous bacteria between the cilia on respiratory epithelium and free in bronchial exudate in these cases. Attempts to culture this organism on artificial media were unsuccessful.
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PMID:Respiratory disease in rats associated with a filamentous bacterium: a preliminary report. 630 89

The immunity to infectious bronchitis afforded by spray vaccination of mycoplasma free two days-old broilers with maternal antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus was tested by comparing zootechnical scores, clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical changes, frequency of infectious bronchitis virus isolation following challenge at one, three and five weeks of age in vaccinated, unvaccinated, challenged and unchallenged birds. This vaccination gave a very good protection to infectious bronchitis for the most part of broiler economical life; growth delays were especially avoided. However, vaccinated and unvaccinated one-week-old birds were not protected enough. No correlation was observed between haemagglutinating antibodies titres and protection. At last this vaccination caused a notable reaction in specific pathogen free control birds of the same age.
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PMID:[Vaccination against infectious bronchitis in young chickens--carriers or not of maternal antibodies]. 630 82

Mixed infections involving mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria are well recognized in chickens. Synergism has been demonstrated between Mycoplasma gallisepticum and the viruses of Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis and Escherichia coli, although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors associated with the host and the organisms. Airsacculitis in broilers due to M. synoviae or M. gallinarum may be precipitated by concurrent respiratory virus infections including vaccine strains. Turkeys, geese and ducks have been less well studied, but similar interactions seem to occur. Such observations may give an indication as to the likely interactions between mycoplasmas, viruses and bacteria in other host species.
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PMID:Avian mycoplasma infections: prototype of mixed infections with mycoplasmas, bacteria and viruses. 632 30


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