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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases in which contact infection was experimentally induced in broilers by Mycoplasma synoviae (M.s.) are reported. The chickens were inoculated against Newcastle disease (NCD) and infectious bronchitis (IB) in accordance with the Netherlands vaccination programme. Fattening was continued for six weeks. The rate of horizontal transmission of M. synoviae infection varied with the severity of the virus infection (i.e. vaccination). There was a close correlation between this finding and the adverse effects of M. synoviae infection on the severity of the reactions to vaccination, the final weight, the table quality and feed conversion. Moreover, there was evidence to suggest that M. synoviae accelerates the appearance of dyschondroplasia in broilers.
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PMID:[Effects of Mycoplasma synoviae infection on the state of health, reactions to vaccination and results of fattening in broiler chickens (author's transl)]. 64 63

The pulmonary histopathologic features in a sporadic case of Legionnaires' disease are shown. The changes include acute bronchitis with focal ulceration and diffuse acute interstitial pneumonitis. These changes are not those seen with typical bacterial pneumonia but are similar to changes seen when viruses, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms are the infecting agents.
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PMID:Legionnaires' disease. Clinical and pulmonary histopathologic features of a sporadic case. 67 58

Twelve isolations of Newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples from chickens from conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and bursal atrophy. Nine of the isolations were made from chickens with conjunctivitis. The viruses were identified as Newcastle disease virus by inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to Newcastle disease virus. The viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the allantoic cavity and they were judged to be lentogenic strains. There was no evidence that the Newcastle disease viruses were responsible for any of the clinical conditions from which they were isolated. The presence of other agents in 10 of the samples was indicated by reduced production of haemagglutinin in allantoic fluids of infected embryos, by deaths of infected embryos, by the production of cytopathic changes in avian cell cultures and by electron microscopy. Three isolations of infectious bronchitis virus, 2 of avian adenovirus and one of avian reovirus were made. Other samples were suspected of containing infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasmas, but these were not isolated. The Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce plaques in chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures and they were separated from the contaminating agents by haemagglutination and elution followed by passage at terminal dilution in chick embryos. No Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 60 caecal tonsils and 60 lung samples from 9-week-old broiler chickens. Eight lung samples yielded mycoplasmas that caused haemadsorption in chicken cell cultures. The mycoplasmas were probably Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
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PMID:The isolation of lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in Australia. 68 76

The efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind study of 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine was administered to half for the volunteers in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered similarly to control subjects. Twenty-one vaccinees (5.3 per 1,000) and 43 recipients of placebo (10.9 per 1,000) were hospitalized with pneumonia; the incidence of illness among the two groups indicated a 51% overall protective efficacy for the vaccine (x2 = 7.49; P less than 0.01). The refined data for pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae showed 67% protective efficacy when serologic data were employed (x2 = 7.84; P = 0.005) and a 42% protective efficacy (x2 = 1.80; P greater than 0.10) when data from cultures for M. pneumoniae were employed. Vaccinees with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae suffered no increased illness compared to controls, suggesting no hypersensitization with natural illness following the inactivated vaccine. Only when serologic data were analyzed did it appear that the M. pneumoniae vaccine protected against M. pneumoniae specific bronchitis (35% efficacy) but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.28; P greater than 0.20).
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PMID:Field trial of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. I. Vaccine efficacy. 79 22

In 50 patients with chronic bronchitis, and additional attack by mycoplasma was found in at least 4 cases. This percentage corresponds approximately to the statements in the literature. In patients with mycoplasma in the sputum, radiologically signs of a bronchitis and peribronchitis were found which, for the short duration of the symptoms are unusual for a chronic bronchitis. Purulent sputum was only observed after several days in the many relapses which ran a course similar to a virus infection.
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PMID:[Investigations on mycoplasma attacks in patients with chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. 81 29

The protective efficacy of a formalin-inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind fashion in 7,861 Marine Corps recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Vaccine, administered in a 1-ml dose by a jet-injection device, was glass-grown and contained 264 microgram of protein nitrogen/ml. Phosphate-buffered saline with formalin was injected as a control. Systemic reactions to injection were similar in both groups, but the percentage of vaccinees with erythema (51%) and induration (52%) at 24 hr was significantly greater than the percentage of controls (2%) with these reaction (P less than 0.001). Twenty-one (0.5%) of 3,930 vaccinees and 43 (1.1%) of the 3.931 placebo recipients were hospitalized with pneumonia (chi2=7.61; P less than 0.01). Ten of 21 vaccinees and seven of 43 controls with pneumonia had a positive pharyngeal culture for M. pneumoniae (chi2=1.69; P =0.20), and fourfold rises in titer of serum antibody were noted in five of 14 vaccinees and in 15 of 28 placebo recipients with pneumonia (chi2=7.90; P less 0.0005). Therefore, vaccine efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific pneumonia was 42% as determined by cultures and 67% by serologic tests. The vaccine showed no protective efficacy for M. pneumoniae-specific bronchitis or for M. pneumoniae pharyngeal carriage in recrutis in training.
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PMID:Protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. 89 86

We have undertaken some basic and clinical studies on midecamycin granules with following results: 1) After ingesting of 4 g of midecamycin granules, peak blood levels (1.51 microgram/ml on an average) appeared at one hour in infants, detectable amount lasting for 6 hours. 2) Urinary excretion within 6 hours ranged from 1.1 to 2.7% of the drug dosed. 3) In the treatment of a total of 19 acute cases, consisting of 9 cases of tonsillitis, 7 cases of lacunar tonsillitis and 3 cases of bronchitis, midecamycin was found effective in 79% of the cases. 4) In all the 3 cases of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma, response to midecamycin was assessed as excellent. 5) Hepatic and renal functions tests performed in cases treated with the drug for a prolonged period (40 approximately 50 mg/kg for 13 approximately 18 days) revealed no undesirable effect, indicating that midecamycin can be administered continuously to younger infants with infections.
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PMID:[A study on midecamycin granules in acute respiratory diseases in infants (author's transl)]. 90 47

Two strains of Mycoplasma synoviae (WVU 1853 and F10-2AS) were compared for their relative pathogenicity in terms of airsacculitis and synovitis. Both strains produced air-sac lesions after aerosol exposure of chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis; both produced synovitis when inoculated into the foot pad. The WVU 1853 strain was more likely to result in synovitis, whereas the F10-2AS strain was more apt to produce air-sac lesions.
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PMID:Influence of strain of Mycoplasma synoviae and route of infection on development of synovitis or airsacculitis in broilers. 112 29

Comparative studies of the clinical signs, pathological changes, multiplication of the pathogens and serological responses were made of groups of chickens infected with either or both avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections of infected tracheas showed that the multiplication of M. gallisepticum was greatly enhanced in the tracheas of chickens which had been previously or simultaneously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. The enhanced multiplication of mycoplasmas resulted in more severe clinical signs, pathological effects and serological responses. These findings confirm the general belief that avian infectious bronchitis infection may precipitate latent mycoplasma infection. Similar experiments were made in the allantoic sacs of 10-day embryonated hens' eggs. The results again show that there was at least a one hundred-fold increase in the multiplication of M. gallisepticum in eggs simultaneously or previously infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus. These findings emphasize the importance of using mycoplasma-free eggs for the production of virus vaccines.
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PMID:Single and mixed infections of avian infectious bronchitis virus and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. 112 65

Inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine produced antibody responses that reached protective levels in most individuals. These were almost equivalent to natural infection in amount and duration, and they persisted more than a year. Adverse effects were inconsequential. At Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, where the annual rate of mycoplasma pneumonia varied from 20 to 50 per 1000 since 1959, protection studies were conducted in 21, 199 men in 1964-1966 and in 13, 892 men in 1969-1971. This produced a 36 percent reduction in bronchitis and a 45 percent reduction in pneumonia due to all etiologies in the frist study and 37 percent and 48 percent respectively in the second study. The protective efficacy of the second vaccine was 87 percent for acutebronchitis and 66 percent for pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Persons who developed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in spite of vaccination did not experience more severe illnesses.
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PMID:Efficacy of inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine in man. 112 87


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