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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Linco-Spectin (LS) water medication on Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) air-sacculitis in broilers under controlled experimental conditions. Day-old chicks were vaccinated against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus and exposed to a broth culture of MS by the respiratory route. In each trial, one-half of the flock was treated with 2 g of LS per gallon of drinking water for the first five days of life, and the other half was kept as a control. At two and eight weeks postinoculation (PI) birds were weighted individually and examined serologically, culturally, and grossly for MS airsacculitis. Linco-Spectin water medication was effective in controlling MS airsacculitis in broilers.
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PMID:Efficacy of Linco-Spectin water medication on Mycoplasma synoviae Airsacculitis in broilers. 13 Aug 99

Individuals with chronic lung disease and their families were selected from the Tecumsch community along with similarly selected families as comparison groups and studied for 1-year periods. Occurence of acute respiratory illness was ascertained weekly by telephone and calculated as an annual rate. Persons with chronic bronchitis not only experienced more acute lower respiratory illness than healthy comparison subjects, but total illness rates were somewhat higher as well. Infection rates were determined from blood samples taken 3 times from each participant during the surveillance year. Antibody tests were performed for respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, influenza types A and B, coronavirus OC43, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Differences in serologic infection rates among the subgroups of the population were similar to those seen in the clinical data, with more frequent infection among those with bronchitis than among the comparison subjects. This finding indicates that some degree of increased susceptibility to actual infection existed among those individuals with bronchitis. Influence of smoking on illness and infection rates was also examined. Infections were, in general, more frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers, but illness rates were reversed, suggesting that perception of disease differed in the 2 groups. Rates of illness and infection of other adults in the families of the index individuals with bronchitis were not influenced by the higher rates seen in the index individuals; however, it was of interest that children of persons with bronchitis did have somewhat higher rates of infection than children of comparison subjects.
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PMID:The Tecumseh study of respiratory illness. VIII. Acute infection in chronic respiratory disease and comparison groups. 16 65

Serum plate (SP) and tube agglutination (TA) reactions and geometric mean Mycoplasma synoviae (Ms.) hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers were determined on chickens infected at 21 days of age with Ms. by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. One-half had been given Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine in the water at 20 days of age, and the other half had not been vaccinated with ND and IB vaccine. Blood was taken at 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after Ms. infection. Geometric mean HI titers were determined on serums of chickens that had a foot pad injection of Ms. 8 weeks after Ms. infection and were bled at 1, 3 and 5 weeks after foot pad booster. Three weeks after aerosol exposure with Ms., the geometric mean HI titer was significantly higher in the ND- and IB-vaccinated birds than in the nonvaccinated birds. In the Ms. air sac-infected group of nonvaccinated birds the geometric mean HI titer had increased significantly 3 weeks after food pad challenge with Ms. In the Ms. air sac-infected group of vaccinated birds, the geometric mean HI titer had significantly increased 3 and 5 weeks after foot pad challenge with Ms.
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PMID:Serological responses of broiler-type chickens, with and without Newcastle disease and infectious Bronchitis vaccine, to experimental infection with Mycoplasma synoviae by foot pad, air sac and aerosol. 16 64

In a part of the broiler flocks vaccinated against Newcastle disease (N.C.D) and infectious bronchitis (I.B.), disease symptoms of lingering nature have been observed, generally in the second half of the rearing period. In a practical investigation with weekly examinations of chickens, supplemented by a serological examination of twenty-four animals per flock at the age of six weeks, it was hoped to establish the factors responsible for this "vaccination reaction". In the district under notice the vaccination reaction syndrome had been responsible for widspread abandoning of twice spraying against N.C.D. in the first and fourth week in favour of drinking-water vaccination (generally combined with I.B. vaccination) in the second week and spray-vaccination in the fourth week or of combined drinking-water vaccination in the second week, either with or without N.C.D. drinking-water vaccination in the fourth week. Admittedly the incidence of vaccination reaction in flocks vaccinated exclusively via the drinking water was less frequent (32%) than in flocks in which the second vaccination was administered as a spray (48%), but this difference was largely accounted for by infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and/or Mycoplasma synoviae, complicated by infection with Escherichia coli. Of the thirty-three flocks free of mycoplasmosis, 24% exhibited the vaccination reaction, while the incidence to the fifteen infected flocks was 73.4%. In flocks infected with mycoplasmosis the course of E. coli infections was serious in 46.7% of the birds, while this figure was 18.2% in flocks free of mycoplasmosis. In flocks free of mycoplasmosis, the percentage of serious E. coli infections was lower after spray vaccination (14.3%) than after drinking-water vaccination (21%). The strains of E. coli brought in by one-day chicks from the hatchery disappear rapidly and play no role of any significance in the problem of colibacillosis observed at an age of three weeks or older. Of the 310 isolated strains of E. coli, 52 could not be typed and the others belonged to eighty different serotypes. With respect to the effect of infectious bronchitis the investigation does not provide sufficient evidence to permit of drawing conclusions. A significant role in the occurrence of the syndrome was played by coccidiosis and Gumboro's disease. With respect to environmental factors the available data did not allow of drawing conclusions. The authors recommend continuing with all available means to free the breeding animals from M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, undertaking scientifically based research into the role of infectious bronchitis in the "vaccination reaction" syndrome, an effective programme of hygiene to control E...
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PMID:[The "Vaccination Reaction" syndrome of broilers after vaccination against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis (author's transl)]. 17 62

At 35 days of age, chickens which as 1-day-old chicks were inoculated with the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) had significantly lower antibody titers against Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus than did those never inoculated with IBDV. The IBDV also had a marked effect on the development of air-sac lesions. Birds infected with IBDV that were later inoculated with M synoviae (day 14), Newcastle disease virus (days 14 and 28) experienced an increased incidence and greater seversity of airsacculitis than did chicks which were not exposed to IBDV.
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PMID:Effect of infectious bursal disease on the response of chickens to Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus. 19 Sep 26

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) obtained from broiler chickens condemned for airsacculitis was used to determine the influence of air temperature and relative humidity on the severity of airsacculitis produced experimentally. Infectious bronchitis virus was administered to 3-week-old broilers 5 days before aerosol exposure to MS broth cultures, producing extensive airsacculitis within 21-day study periods. High (31-32 C), medium (19-24 C), and low (7-10 C) air temperatures were studied in conjection with high (75-90%), medium (38-56%), and low (23-26%) relative humidities. Airsacculitis was most extensive (45%) at low temperatures regradless of high or medium humidity. The incidence of airsacculitis was greater (39%) at low humidity than at high humidity (17%) when air temperatures were medium. At high temperature, the trend was toward more airsacculitis (12%) at high humidity than (5%) at low humidity. However, the effect of cold air temperature was more dominant than the effect of relative humidity.
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PMID:Influence of environment on airsacculitis: effects of relative humidity and air temperature on broilers infected with Mycoplasma synoviae and infectious bronchitis. 19 67

The specificity of a fluorescent conjugate to infectious laryngotracheitis virus was examined using chick trachea organ culture or tissue sections infected with other avian viruses (adenovirus, infectious bronchitis, poxvirus, reovirus, Newcastle disease virus, Marek's disease virus, avian encephalomyelitis and infectious bursal agent) or Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Confirmation of virus replication in these preparations was obtained by either 1) demonstration of virus titre increase or 2) demonstration of fluorescence when using the homologous conjugate. Once either of these criteria had been satisfied, negative results with the infectious laryngotracheitis conjugate were taken to indicate that the conjugate would not present false positive results in differentiated cells infected with these heterologous viruses. The spectrum of reactivity of the infectious laryngotracheitis conjugate was then examined on organ cultures infected with several infectious laryngotracheitis isolates from across Canada. Finally, the conjugate was applied to experimental and natural cases of infectious laryngotracheitis and its efficiency was compared to routine virus isolation methods.
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PMID:Sensitivity and specificity of the fluorescent antibody technique for detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus. 20 27

Mycoplasma gallinarum was isolated from tracheas and air-sac lesions from broilers in flocks having higher than normal condemnations due to airsacculitis. A representative M. gallinarum isolant, given by aerosol or by air-sac inoculation, produced air-sac lesions in young chickens when given in combination with a vaccine combining Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis or with a field strain of infectious bronchitis virus.
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PMID:Airsacculitis induced in broilers with a combination of Mycoplasma gallinarum and respiratory viruses. 21 34

Extranodal formation of lymphoid follicles was morphologically studied in experimental bronchopneumonia. Control gnotobiotic mice had no peribronchial lymphoid follicles and only lymphatic vessels were traced from the terminal bronchiolar region toward larger bronchi. During the week after intranasal inoculation of mycoplasma pulmonis, lymphoid follicles developed in the terminal portion of the lymphatics by the accumulation of small lymphocytes. A loose network of mesenchymal cells and early infiltration of macrophages, following stromal edema, seemed to play an important role in the early accumulation of lymphocytes. Blastic transformation was seen frequently in the center of the accumulated lymphocytes. Two weeks after inoculation plasma cells emerged conspicuously in the periphery of the lymphoid follicles, and the acute phase of bronchopneumonia began to subside. Typical germinal centers with tingible body macrophages and dendritic reticulum cells developed when the bronchitis persisted in a chronical manner.
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PMID:The development of extranodal lymphoid follicles in experimental bronchopneumonia. 46 54

An intravenous preparation of doxycycline (DOTC, Vibramycin 'Pfizer'), a long-lasting tetracycline, was administered mainly by drip infusion for a series of study in the pediatrics field, and the results were as follows: 1) DOTC (100 mg) was dissolved in a 100 ml of glucose solution and 2--3 mg/kg was administered intravenously. When the total infusion time was adjusted between one to two hours, the peak serum level of DOTC was seen at the end of infusion in each case. The serum level in a two-hour infusion time, however, the serum level was delectable for a long period of time: the serum level after 10 hours was 0.82--1.23 micrograms/ml. Above results suggest that DOTC intravenous should be given in a two-hour infusion twice a day for applicable infections in the pediatrics field. 2) Urine excretion of DOTC was about a half (50%) of the administered dosage. 3) DOTC was given mostly at about 3--5 mg/kg per day (twice a day) infusion to 25 children with five infections, viz. acute angina lacunaris, acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumonia and acute urinary tract infections. A clinical improvement seemed attributable to DOTC was clearly observed in 23 out of 25 patients (92%). 4). DOTC infusion was also effective for Mycoplasma meningoencephalitis, severe Mycoplasma pneumonia associated with pleuritis, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia with a lot of Staphylococcus aureus identified in the sputum medium, acute urinary tract infections caused by E. coli. 5) Before and ten days after DOTC infusion, laboratory tests for liver and renal functions and blood were performed. No noticeable abnormalities were found except one case with transient GOT and GPT elevations. Above summary was presented at the 26th annual meeting of Japan Society of Chemotherapy in June 1978.
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PMID:[A clinical study of intravenous doxycycline in the pediatrics field (author's transl)]. 51 84


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