Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological surveys enable to know better the aetiology of respiratory diseases. The surveys carried out in slaughter-houses in Brittany (France) in 1980 and 1981, show a worrying situation concerning porcine respiratory diseases. Microbiological studies brought out the preponderance of the isolation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis and Actinobacillus suis. Some patterns of experimental infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica are exposed.
 ...
PMID:[Respiratory diseases of swine: some epidemiologic aspects]. 406 26

Antimicrobial agents were added to the feed of swine for three weeks to determine the interrelationships of potentially pathogenic agents in the nasal tract, turbinate atrophy and weight gains. Bordetella bronchiseptica was not isolated from the groups fed the combination of chlortetracycline, penicillin and sulfamethazine. B. bronchiseptica was found in some pigs after the feeding trail, but this organism was not significantly associated with turbinate atrophy at the time of slaughter.Mycoplasma hyorhinis was not found in the nasal passages of the pigs that received feed containing high concentration chlortetracycline but was found in pigs that received other diets. Hemophilus suis was not significantly reduced by any of the treatments used. The organisms studied in the pigs were not isolated from the personnel handling the pigs.
 ...
PMID:The effect of medicated feed on the nasal microflora and weight gain of pigs. 425 45

The large surface area provided by the respiratory tract epithelium of humans for exposure to microbial agents and toxic substances in the environment makes this organ system very vulnerable but a good early indicator of adverse health effects. However, the complexity of pulmonary defense mechanisms complicates definition of the interactive effects of pollutants and infectious agents. Tracheal organ culture has been utilized to maintain organized, differentiated respiratory epithelium in vitro. This model system permits the exposure of respiratory epithelium to injurious agents in an easily visualized and controlled environment. Effects of individual toxin and/or infectious agents may be examined without the involvement of most host defenses and unwanted secondary microbial invaders which hamper interpretation of in vivo model studies. Further, elements of host immune response, pharmacologic agents and the like may be added selectively if desired. A body of information is being developed on specialized respiratory cell injury by various common pathogenic agents--including respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus type 3, Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae--through studies in tracheal organ cultures. These agents injure specialized epithelial cells in different ways, providing a spectrum of changes against which the added effects of toxic substances could be evaluated at the cellular and subcellular levels. Information on the pathogenesis of infectious/toxic injury could suggest new directions for human health research and for means to benefit the human host.
 ...
PMID:Injury of respiratory epithelium. 625 Aug 14

Porcine tracheal and bronchial explant cultures exposed to log-phase cultures of Bordetella, Candida, Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, Proteus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were examined for surface sequential changes by scanning electron and light microscopy. Infected tissues, observed microscopically, had diminution or cessation of ciliary activity, and histologically had exfoliation of cilia, ciliocytophthoria, elevation of cellular borders, and cellular detachment. Treatment of these tissues with sterile medium containing penicillin and streptomycin did not prevent death or alteration of cells with increasing periods of incubation. The potential value of using scanning electron microscopy with explant cultures for studying organization of cellular surfaces in association with microbial growth and pathogenesis was demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Effects of microbial isolates on porcine tracheal and bronchial explant cultures as observed by scanning electron microscopy. 675 Jul 64

A fourfold or greater increase in titer of complement-fixing (CF) antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 40.7% of paired sera from 54 patients with bacterial meningitis that had been proven by culture and in 10.3% of 39 patients with other bacteremic infections, but in none of eight patients with whooping cough or 40 patients with mumps meningitis. The CF antigen used was a crude lipid antigen, but comparable antibody increases were found by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a crude M. pneumoniae protein antigen. Increases were also frequently seen in nonspecific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of group A Neisseria meningitidis; these increases were significantly, but not completely, correlated to the nonspecific reactions to the mycoplasmal antigens. The data call for caution in interpreting serologic tests for M. pneumoniae when dealing with diseases not commonly associated with M. pneumoniae.
 ...
PMID:Increase in titers of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with purulent meningitis. 680 46

MOM was administered at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg q.i.d. orally to 65 pediatric patients. These consisted of 37 cases of acute feverish respiratory tract infection, 13 cases of Mycoplasma infection, 1 case of scarlet fever and 14 cases of whooping cough. Forty pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the 37 patients with acute feverish respiratory tract infection and 1 pathogenic bacteria was isolated from the patient with scarlet fever. Thirty-five of these clinical isolates disappeared as a result of MOM administration. For these 65 cases, the clinical efficacy was good in 51 cases (78.5%), fair in 5 cases (all whooping cough) and poor in 9 cases. Twelve strains of St. pyogenes were isolated from 12 cases and 3 of these isolates persisted (25%). Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from 10 cases and 1 of these isolates persisted. Superinfection was observed in 3 cases, 2 of which were the same species. Although the clinical effect in the 40 mg/kg/day treatment group was superior to the effects in the 20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical results of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 697 13

Estimates based upon notifications indicate that there was in the 1977-9 triennium in the United Kingdom the largest outbreak of whooping cough for 20 years or more. During this triennium there was also a sharp increase in other infections diseases of childhood, notably in non-notifiable respiratory infections. Isolates of certain respiratory viruses ran in parallel and collectively outnumbered those of Bordetella pertussis during the period of increase in notifications. There was highly significant positive correlation between isolates of B pertussis and of ECHO viruses, of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and rhinoviruses and, in Scotland only, of Coxsackie virus. Deaths in which whooping cough was certified as the immediate of underlying cause were lower than in previous outbreaks. Only a minority were bacteriologically confirmed. A closer study of the outbreak in Glasgow disclosed considerable variations in notification procedure and lack of correlation with isolates of B pertussis at the peak of the notification period. Attack rates calculated from notification were higher in deprived areas. Birth cohort studies showed a significantly higher proportion of notifications in unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and this was confirmed in family studies of clinical whooping cough in home contacts. But, overall, about 35% of reported cases were children who had received three injections of triple vaccine. Acceptance of pertussis vaccine fell sharply in 1975 but about 95% of unvaccinated children in age groups 0-5, including the 1977 and the 1977 and 1978 birth cohorts, either escaped infection or were not notified.
 ...
PMID:Whooping cough in relation to other childhood infections in 1977-9 in the United Kingdom. 729 39

A field trial was conducted to assess the value of medicated early weaning for obtaining pigs free from some of the pathogens endemic in their herd of origin. The trial comprised 51 sows from a closed herd, which were farrowed in an isolated farrowing house in seven separate groups. The sows in each group were bred at the same time and induced to farrow on the same day. Their thriftiest piglets were weaned at five days of age and moved to an isolated early-weaning unit. At about six weeks of age they were moved to one of three isolated grow-out units where they were held to slaughter weight. Sows in five of the groups were dosed with high levels of tiamulin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide preparations from their entry into the farrowing house until their biggest piglets were weaned. Their piglets were dosed with similar drugs from birth until 10 days of age. The first and seventh groups of sows and their litters were not medicated. Tests were carried out on pigs aged five to 11 weeks, on slaughter pigs, and on pigs which died or were killed at different ages, for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and colonic treponemes, which were readily detectable in the herd of origin. No evidence could be found of mycoplasma or bordetella. Colonic treponemes were recovered from some of the pigs at slaughter, but not from younger pigs. Thirty-seven boars and gilts from the medicated groups were introduced into 11 herds thought to be free of enzootic pneumonia and 13 were introduced into three herds which had enzootic pneumonia. No subsequent signs of enzootic pneumonia were noted in 10 of the enzootic pneumonia-free herds.
 ...
PMID:Medicated early weaning to obtain pigs free from pathogens endemic in the herd of origin. 744 26

Concurrent outbreaks of illnesses that were manifested by cough and that were suspected to be due to Bordetella pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were investigated in a midwestern town in Illinois. Three studies were conducted: questionnaires on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of illness were administered to patients; serological tests were performed to confirm the presence of each pathogen and to develop case definitions for each illness; and case definitions were applied to responses to a mail-in questionnaire for estimating the magnitude of both outbreaks. In 135 cases of suspected pertussis and 42 cases of suspected mycoplasmal infection, subjects had a cough for > or = 14 days (the pertussis outbreak case definition). Among 20 laboratory-confirmed cases, a cough for > or = 14 days had a specificity of 20% for pertussis, and a cough for > or = 28 days plus whoop and/or vomiting had a specificity of 90% for pertussis. Six hundred-seventeen pertussis cases per 100,000 population and 1,179 cases of M. pneumoniae infection per 100,000 population occurred. In this setting, the standard outbreak case definition for pertussis lacked adequate specificity to distinguish pertussis from mycoplasmal infection. The magnitude of each outbreak was greater than the number of reported cases suggested.
 ...
PMID:Concurrent outbreaks of pertussis and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of illnesses manifested by cough. 775 86

The aim of the development of semisynthetic derivatives was to overcome the problem of chemical stability of erythromycin A in acid medium, with less variability in gastro-intestinal absorption and leading to renewed interest in macrolides. The new macrolides have the same antibacterial spectrum as erythromycin A including Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci, intracellular bacteria, mycoplasma, Campylobacter sp., Helicobacter pylori, mycobacteria spp., Gram-negative bacilli including Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Pasteurella multocida, Gram-positive bacilli including Corynebacterium diphtheriae and anaerobic species. In vitro activity against Haemophilus influenzae is still a controversial subject. Macrolides are among the best tolerated antibacterial agents. Theoretically, macrolides could be given to a large range of patients even those suffering from underlying diseases. The new macrolides, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, rokitamycin and miokamycin, are indicated for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections due to intracellular bacteria or Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Macrolides could be used as first line therapy for non-gonococcal urethritis, especially those due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum. In pelvic inflammatory infections in which Chlamydia trachomatis is involved macrolides could also be used. Other non-conventional indications under discussion are H. pylori and Lyme's disease. Macrolides in combination with other antibacterials could be an alternative for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections. The antiparasite effect of erythromycin has been known since the 1950s. Extensive experimental work is currently underway to determine the potential use of these drugs in this setting. Research during the 80s in the macrolide field, led to enhanced pharmacokinetic properties. Current research is focused on expanding the antibacterial spectrum and to overcome cross-resistance among 14-membered-ring macrolides.
 ...
PMID:[Macrolides. New therapeutic prospects]. 783 Dec 66


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>