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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection was diagnosed in three different flocks of 12-to-16-week-old commercial meat turkeys displaying torticollis and/or opisthotonos. MG was isolated from the brain, air sacs, trachea, and sinus of one bird with neurological signs. Histological examination of brains in all three cases revealed moderate-to-severe encephalitis with lymphoplasmacytic cuffing of vessels, fibrinoid vasculitis, focal parenchymal necrosis, and meningitis. Birds with neurological signs were seropositive for MG by the serum-plate agglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. The encephalitic form of MG has been described previously but is rarely mentioned in the current literature.
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PMID:Meningoencephalitis in commercial meat turkeys associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. 178 29

To investigate the role of coincident respiratory viral and mycoplasmal agents in the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis, we performed a matched case-control study of 62 patients with group A meningococcal meningitis during an epidemic in Chad. Case patients were more likely than controls to have nasal colonization or infection with respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma species (matched odds ratio, 23; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 170). Respiratory pathogens were found more commonly in older patients with meningitis (odds ratios were 2.9 for children under age 5 years and 46.5 in those over age 15 years), consistent with the increasing risk of meningitis with age during epidemics. In controls, the presence of respiratory pathogens increased the risk of upper-respiratory-tract symptoms but did not significantly increase meningococcal carriage.
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PMID:Respiratory viruses and mycoplasma as cofactors for epidemic group A meningococcal meningitis. 198 44

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.p.) is generally responsible of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children in school age; in about 2% of cases can be also considered the cause of a NS infection: meningitis, encephalitis, cerebellitis, transverse myelitis and ascending polyradiculitis. The authors describe a case of meningitis following an acute otitis media in a 6 years old child. This patient presented also a fourfold or greater decrease in titer of complement fixing antibodies to M.p. The authors suggest a systematic research of M.p. in patients with clear CSF meningitis.
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PMID:[Neurological complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Description of a case of meningitis with clear cerebrospinal fluid]. 212 21

Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum have previously been isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 13 of 100 newborn infants tested from a high risk university hospital population where the mothers were of predominantly lower income and socioeconomic status and had often received little or no prenatal care. We sought to determine whether such infections occur in neonates born to women cared for mainly through private obstetric practices and who delivered in 4 suburban community hospitals. CSF cultures were done in 318 infants during an 8-month period. M. hominis was isolated from 9 and U. urealyticum from 5 CSF cultures. Four infants infected with U. urealyticum and 3 infected with M. hominis were born at term. One infant infected with U. urealyticum had a birth weight of less than 1000 g. In 5 infants clearance of the infecting organism was documented without specific treatment. Twelve infants had good perinatal outcomes regardless of treatment and 2 died. One death in a 2240-g infant infected with M. hominis was associated with Haemophilus influenzae sepsis and pneumonia. The other death occurred 3 days after birth in a 630-g infant infected with U. urealyticum who had evidence of meningitis and intraventricular hemorrhage. Results of this study suggest that mycoplasmas are common causes of neonatal CSF infections, not only in high risk populations, but also in the general population.
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PMID:Mycoplasmal infections of cerebrospinal fluid in newborn infants from a community hospital population. 233 9

1. Cefmenoxime (CMX) was administered with a dosage regimen of 20-25 mg/kg, 2-3 times daily (40-75 mg/kg/day) by intravenous drip over 30 minutes to 9 neonates with bacterial infections including purulent meningitis and septicemia. Clinical responses to the treatment were excellent in 7 and poor in 2. Bacteriological responses were "eradication of pathogens" from 8 of them except another patient with an infection due to Staphylococcus aureus. 2. Adverse reactions to CMX were observed in 6 of 18 neonates treated with the drug: diarrhea, oral thrush, and the elevation of S-GOT, S-GPT, LDH and alkaline phosphatase. None of the reactions, however, necessitated the discontinuation of the treatment. 3. Changes in blood concentrations of CMX in neonates with ages between 0 and 30 days were followed. These subjects included 16 mature neonates and 10 neonates with low birth weights. Intravenous drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CMX over 30 minutes was immediately followed by peak blood CMX concentrations of 34.6-72.7 mcg/ml (mean +/- S.D.: 50.4 +/- 11.3 mcg/ml) in the mature neonates, and 22.3-78.2 mcg/ml (55.5 +/- 16.5 mcg/ml) in the neonates with low birth weight. Blood half-lives of the drug in the mature neonates were in the range from 1.7 to 20.7 hours (5.9 +/- 6.6 hours) in subjects with ages of 0-3 days, and 1.1-3.5 hours (2.0 +/- 0.8 hours) in subjects of 4-25 days. In neonates with low birth weight, they were 3.4-10.2 hours (7.2 +/- 2.7 hours) in subjects of 0-2 days, and 1.4-5.5 hours (3.0 +/- 1.5 hours) in subjects of 4-30 days. In other words, the blood half-lives of the drug tended to be longer in younger subjects. 4. Concentration of CMX in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined in a patient in acute stage with purulent meningitis caused by Mycoplasma hominis. Intravenous drip infusion of 80 mg/kg of CMX over 30 minutes was followed by CSF concentrations of 7.7-15.5 mcg/ml. 5. MICs of CMX for clinical isolates were determined. The drug was proved to have excellent antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (3 strains) and group B hemolytic streptococci (2 strains) and these MICs were comparable to those of cefotaxime. The MIC of CMX for S. aureus (1 strain) was high at 25 mcg/ml with an inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml. This MIC value of CMX was higher than that of cefmetazole.
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PMID:[A preclinical and clinical study of cefmenoxime in newborns]. 261 17

In a prospective study of meningitis in 100 predominantly preterm infants, Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 8 and Mycoplasma hominis from the CSF of 5 babies undergoing investigation of suspected sepsis or treatment of hydrocephalus. U urealyticum was isolated from 6 infants with severe intraventricular haemorrhage and from 3 with hydrocephalus. In 4 babies multiple isolations were made over several weeks. There were clinical features of congenital infection with major neurological impairment in 1 infant infected with M hominis. Diagnosis is difficult because these organisms cannot be seen on gram stain and cannot readily be cultivated on routine bacteriological media, and CSF pleocytosis may be absent. This study, which used appropriate mycoplasmal media, shows that U urealyticum and M hominis are the most common microorganisms isolated from the CSF of newborn infants in a high-risk population.
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PMID:Chronic Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis infections of central nervous system in preterm infants. 257 10

Antibodies against the adherence protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae are regularly found in patients with M. pneumoniae infection. Therefore, this 168-kilodalton (kDa) protein was used as an antigen in a dot-ELISA for serological diagnosis of M. pneumoniae disease. M. pneumoniae proteins were separated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), gels were stained with Coomassie Blue, and the 168-kDa protein band was cut out and eluted using a special electroelution device. Isolated proteins or sonicated whole-cell antigens, respectively, were immobilized on a 96-well filtration plate with a nitrocellulose bottom (dot-ELISA). The test procedure was performed as in conventional ELISA tests, using alkaline phosphatase-labeled antihuman IgM or IgG antibodies, respectively, to detect antigen-antibody complexes. All results were confirmed by immunoblotting. The dot-ELISA using the 168-kDa antigen proved to be sensitive and specific. The specificity was tested on 53 sera of M. pneumoniae infections and on 490 serum specimens of patients with other respiratory diseases due to other pathogens, or with clinical conditions such as pancreatitis, meningitis or endocarditis. With regard to IgM antibodies, no false-positive reactions were found in non-M. pneumoniae diseases against the 168-kDa antigen, but there were such reactions against other M. pneumoniae proteins in immunoblots.
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PMID:Use of adherence protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as antigen for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 311 34

Mycoplasma pneumoniae has long been recognized as an important agent of respiratory infections in humans. Less well known is the variety of extrapulmonary conditions associated with M. pneumoniae (Cassel, 1981; Ponka, 1979; Levine, 1978). The most common of these are central nervous system (CNS) complications (Lind, 1979) including meningitis, encephalitis, cranial nerve palsies, ascending paralysis (Guillain-Barre-like), transverse myelitis, cerebellar ataxia, polyradiculitis and acute psychosis. This paper describes a woman who developed an acute psychosis in the setting of a M. pneumoniae respiratory infection.
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PMID:Psychosis and mycoplasma pneumoniae. 312 52

Eleven new cases of Mycoplasma hominis infection occurring outside the genitourinary tract in adults not in the puerperium were evaluated in relation to the 25 cases previously reported. Cases of bacteremia (n = 14) were commonly associated with trauma or manipulation of the genitourinary tract and were often self-limited. Wound infections (n = 14) followed surgery by 4-14 days in most cases and may have arisen from contamination from the genitourinary or respiratory tract. Joint infections (n = 5) appeared to have resulted from bacteremic seeding in some cases and affected prosthetic joints in particular. Least frequent were central nervous system infections (one case of meningitis and two of brain abscess) and respiratory tract infections (three cases of empyema). The large majority of patients had fever, and infected fluid collections were commonly purulent. The response to therapy was difficult to assess in many cases, but responses to tetracycline, clindamycin, and drainage alone were observed. Identification of M. hominis requires clinical suspicion and alertness on the part of the bacteriology laboratory.
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PMID:Nongenitourinary infections caused by Mycoplasma hominis in adults. 329 62

Thirty-two patients were treated by ofloxacin on bacteriological documented infections. They were Enterobacterias: n = 15 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter: n = 1 (MIC 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml); Staphylococcus: n = 6 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml); Pneumococcus: n = 1; Mycoplasma: n = 1; Chlamydia psittaci: n = 2; Legionella pneumophila: n = 1; Rickettsias: n = 4 (three mediterranean fevers one query fever). Ofloxacin was given orally from 400 to 800 mg per day (5 to 15 mg/kg/day). It was used alone 26 times and on 6 occasions it was associated with rifampin on 6 staphylococcal infections. On 19 cases it was used after failure or intolerance of initial therapy. Thirty times it was the first antibiotic substance used. Results were good mainly: 1) on nine pneumonitis (enterobacterias: 4; Pneumococcus: 1; Mycoplasma: 1; Chlamydia: 2; Legionella: 1) during a mean duration of twenty days; 2) urinary infections (n:7) provoked by E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae (mean duration: 20 days); 3) 4 osteo-articular-infections (mean duration: 77 days); 4) Rickettsial infections (n:4) during a mean duration of 11 days. Results are particularly noteworthy because patients treated had severe infections: 12 bacteremias, 1 endocarditis and 1 purulent meningitis. None severe adverse effect was observed.
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PMID:[Ofloxacin (RU 43280). Clinical study]. 330 73


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