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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine the microbial etiology of pneumonia by using strict criteria among a group of hospitalized patients. Patients with acute community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonia were studied in a systematic and comprehensive manner for bacterial, viral, chlamydial, mycobacterial, and fungal pathogens. A total of 198 patients with 204 episodes of pneumonia were evaluated. Despite 100 percent follow-up of all surviving patients, a specific etiologic agent could be found in only 103 episodes. Among 154 episodes of community-acquired pneumonia, a diagnosis was made in 79; the most common pathogen was from the genus Legionella, followed by various Gram-negative enteric bacteria, Gram-positive cocci, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The etiologic agent was found in 24 of the 50 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia; no pathogen predominated. We conclude that even when elaborate diagnostic studies are done, including many invasive procedures, the etiology can be determined in only about half of the patients with acute pneumonia. The pathogens of pneumonia in this study are not markedly different between community-acquired and hospital-acquired infection.
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PMID:Microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients. 832 73

Infections of the respiratory airways are frequently responsible for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and attacks of asthma. However, the causal infectious agents in practice are rarely precisely identified. We have undertaken a prospective study with the aim of researching into the bacteria and viruses associated with these exacerbations. Forty-seven patients who were in hospital between 1987 and 1989 for attacks of asthma (13 episodes) or exacerbations of COPD (35 episodes) were included in this study. The microbiological analysis consisted of: 1) the bacteriology of expectorated material or the products aspirated by fibroscopy with direct examination, quantitative cytology and culture; 2) samples taken from the nasal airways to identify and isolate pneumotropic viruses and mycoplasma; 3) serial serology looking for antibodies against pneumotropic bacteria and viruses. One of more infectious agents were shown in 47% of the episode studies of which 57% were exacerbations of COPD and treated 23% attacks of asthma. In the cases COPD bacteria were identified in 13 cases including Haemophilus influenzae [3], Streptococcus pneumoniae [3], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [3]. Amongst the 14 viruses recovered, the influenza virus [8] and the respiratory syncytial virus (VRS) [4] predominated. In 14 cases of acute asthma only 4 infectious agents were shown; Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A, VRS and parainfluenza virus. The influenza virus was the agent most frequently discovered (26%) during the course of exacerbation of COPD and of asthma.
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PMID:[Infectious agents associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and asthma attacks]. 156 31

In 1979 and 1980, more than 400 harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) along the New England coast of the United States died of epizootic pneumonia that was attributed to an influenza virus. Six mycoplasma isolates that were recovered from the respiratory tracts of affected seals were investigated and were found to be serologically identical and distinct from previously described species. These isolates required serum for growth, did not possess a cell wall, and did not hydrolyze urea. Arginine was hydrolyzed, glucose was not fermented, film and spots were observed on horse serum agar, phosphatase was produced, tetrazolium was not reduced, and serum and casein were not digested. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 27.8 mol%. We propose the name Mycoplasma phocidae for these isolates. The type strain of M. phocidae is strain 105 (= ATCC 33657).
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PMID:Mycoplasma phocidae sp. nov., isolated from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina L.). 158 Nov 81

The study was made of antiviral antibodies to respiratory viruses, mycoplasma, O-streptolysin, of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bacteriuria in 52 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to glomerulonephritis against 18 NS control subjects without glomerulonephritis. Significant differences between the groups appeared in the titers of antibodies to Coxsackie and influenza A viruses. O-streptolysin. Persistence of viral latent infection in NS is suggested as well as a trigger role of viruses in the disease onset and that of other urinary inflammatory affections whose incidence is now on the increase.
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PMID:[Anti-infectious immunity and bacteriuria in patients with the nephrotic syndrome]. 160 90

The cost and effectiveness of examinations (sputum staining and culturing, antitest determination for Influenza A and B, RSV, Adenovirus, Chlamydia psittaci and pneumoniae, Coxiella burnetii, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila, and determination for Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen) performed to explore the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the case of 258 hospitalised patients were analysed. The aetiology could be determined in 44.2% of the cases. On the basis of prevailing prices in 1986-88 one pneumonia case with determinable aetiology costs 8111 Forint. The authors have come to the conclusion that in the present epidemiological situation in this country it is not worthwhile to look for so-called non-bacterial microorganisms routinely, because of their rarely occurrence (16.7%) the cost per one positive finding is unrealistically high. Comparing the cost and the practical use the examinations applied the rational choice seems to be to culture the sputum with deep airway origin and to determine the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen routinely. In the case of suspicion of non-bacterial origin to perform complement fixation test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and in a severe clinical state to culture the blood is recommended.
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PMID:[Rational means of the determination of costs and etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia]. 160 6

Mycoplasma felis was identified as the cause of acute pleuritis in 2 show-jumping horses. The pleural exudate was proteinaceous, contained large numbers of neutrophils, and had a markedly increased lactate concentration. M. felis was isolated in pure culture from pleural fluid. Rising serum antibody titers to M. felis as well as a precipitous decline in titers to equine influenza virus were demonstrated in both horses. Pleural effusion in both horses and a pneumothorax detected in one of the horses resolved following a single drainage of pleural fluid and intravenous fluid, antibiotic, and analgesic therapy.
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PMID:Mycoplasma felis pleuritis in two show-jumper horses. 162 28

Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae and serologic tests were performed on 85 children and adults patients with acute bronchitis admitted to the Kitasato Institute Hospital from January 1989 to May 1991. C. pneumoniae was isolated from sputa or tonsillar swabs in 11 of 57 (19%) patients examined. Of these, 10 patients were tested serologically and 9 (90%) had 16 or higher titer of IgG antibody. A total of 68 patients were tested serologically, and 17 (25%) revealed positive; 14 had a fourfold rise or more in the titer of IgG antibody, or IgM titer of 16 or more, and 3 had IgG antibody with a titer of 512 or greater. In 34 patients, sera were tested for evidence of acute infections not only with C. pneumoniae, but also with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coxackie A9 virus, parainfluenza virus type I, II, and III. Two of the 34 patients were associated with influenza A virus, 4 with influenza B virus, whereas 6 were associated with C. pneumoniae. The data available suggest that C. pneumoniae cause bronchitis much more than has been suspected, and also confirm earlier suggestions that the agent played an important role in respiratory tract infections. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from sputa and tonsillar swabs in 6 adults patients with acute bronchitis. Studies are needed for a better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical relevance of this microorganism to lower respiratory tract diseases in adults.
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PMID:[Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae and antibodies to the agent in patients with acute bronchitis]. 162 41

Pathomorphology of pneumonia induced by successive contamination of the Syrian hamsters with a pathogenic strain of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and an influenza virus A/PR8/34 as well as after contamination with an influenza virus against the background of a previous administration of the mycoplasma membrane fractions was studied. Mixed Mycoplasma-viral infection results in a tumor-like bronchiolar epithelium proliferation having a morphological similarity with bronchiolo-alveolar or acinar carcinoma, influenza virus infection against the background of a previous administration of protein fractions of mycoplasma membranes resulted in a chronization of pneumonia with development of several types of morphological changes: reversible tumour-like proliferation of the bronchiolo-alveolar epithelium, "inflammatory" pseudotumours and sarcoid-like granulomas.
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PMID:[Pathomorphology of chronization and outcomes of experimental mycoplasma-viral pneumonia]. 166 66

This study also included epidemiologic data to determine the risk factors for the enhancement of these infections. The coagglutination technique for the rapid diagnosis of streptococcus was tried. Five hundred and thirty one samples of pharingeal swabs were obtained from children with ARI. 74% were younger than one year old. Brochopneumonias constituted 66.39% of the cases. In total 357 agents were isolated 35% corresponding to bacteria in pure culture, 23.3% to mixed infections and 11.6% only viruses. The bacteria were: Haemphilus influenza (12.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11%), Staphylococcus aureus (9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.3%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae was identified in 5 children and M. hominis in 3. Adenoviruses were isolated in 98 patients, parainfluenza in 19, respiratory syncytial virus in 4, influenza in 1 and picornavirus in 2. Predominating socioeconomic factors were: overcrowding, deficient schooling and low income of parents which favor malnutrition. The more frequent agents were constitutes by bacteria. Viruses were a less cause of infection. It was confirmed that babies under 12 months are more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia and prompt treatment with antimicrobial agents lowered the lethality. Low socioeconomic level is a possible predisposing factor for respiratory diseases.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic and etiologic study of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age]. 167 Apr 72

The presence of some viral and inframicrobial antigens in peripheral leukocytes was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in 120 patients with different forms of rheumatism and 50 clinically healthy controls. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and type 3 para-influenza virus were detected most frequently. The determination of serum interferon titer revealed a rise of this product in rheumatic patients.
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PMID:[The incidence of viral and microbial antigens and the serum interferon titer in certain forms of rheumatism]. 172 80


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