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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Detection of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the samples obtained from the cervical canal of the uterus and from the pouch of Douglas in 71 women in whom underwent diagnostic and operative laparoscopy is presented. Ureaplasma urealyticum in 33 cases diagnosed for infertility was present in 6 (18.2%) patients. In cervical canal and the pouch of Douglas in 5 and 2 women respectively. In 1 (3.0%) woman Ureaplasma urealyticum was present in both places. In the women from the control group U. urealyticum was detected in 6 (15.5%) cases only in cervical canal. Mycoplasma hominis was present only in cervical canal more frequently in the control group 4 (cases) than among infertile women 1 (3.0%).
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PMID:[Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum of cervical canal and in the pouch of Douglas in infertile women: a preliminary report]. 1022 93

Unexplained infertility, recurrent abortion, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, premenstrual syndrome, premature labour, placental insufficiency and pre-eclampsia are examples of common obstetric and gynaecological problems that frequently defy adequate explanation. Bacterial vaginosis, a non-inflammatory condition, is associated with premature labour, but antibiotics administered topically provide less effective prophylaxis than those administered orally. This would indicate that bacterial vaginosis might be a marker for significant genital tract bacteria, but some pathology is dependent on micro-organisms ascending out of reach of topical antibiotics. The author was led to consider the hypothesis that micro-organisms, possibly those associated with bacterial vaginosis, surreptitiously inhabit the uterine cavity (bacteria endometrialis) where they are culprits of some common gynaecological and obstetric enigmas. The objective of this review is to provide an initial theoretical examination of this hypothesis. Bacteria in the endometrium have been associated with infertility. Antiphospholipids have been linked to recurrent miscarriage and pre-eclampsia and with infections including Mycoplasma. Pre-eclampsia might be explained by an exaggerated host response to intrauterine micro-organisms or bacterial toxins. The hypothesis that one common factor, bacteria endometrialis, could provide a plausible explanation for a variety of obstetric and gynaecological mysteries is particularly intriguing. There is sufficient evidence to justify further investigation.
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PMID:Hypothesis on the role of sub-clinical bacteria of the endometrium (bacteria endometrialis) in gynaecological and obstetric enigmas. 1046 27

An analysis was performed of history, course of pregnancy, parturition, and condition of the newborn babies in female patients with pyelonephritis depending on the microbiological factor and environmental situation in the zone of residence. The pregnant women living under adverse environmental conditions display high levels of endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal disorders, and of tonsillitis. In the majority of cases, pregnancy is noted to be complicated by anemia (76.7%) and fetoplacental incompetence (62.9%), with infants being born in asphyxia presenting with signs of hypotrophy, congenital infection. Of the above infants, 37% develop postnatal inflammatory conditions. Two variants were shown to play a part in the etiology of pyelonephritis: monoetiological one marked by predominance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and polyetiological variant characterized by predominance of Candida fungi, Staphylococcus aureus, and mycoplasma. Irrespective of the microbiological factor, the female patients with pyelonephritis demonstrated high levels of premature birth, had a history of infertility, and were presenting with genital and extragenital pathologies.
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PMID:[The effect of ecological and microbiological factors on the health status of pregnant women with pyelonephritis and on their newborn infants]. 1047 32

The accuracy of the PACE2 DNA hybridization assay of the cervix and cervical culture in female partners for the diagnosis of male subclinical genital tract infection were assessed in a male infertility population. A total of 184 men were screened for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. Seventy-one men were identified with a positive test for one or more of the above mentioned micro-organisms. The overall prevalence of bacterial infection was 39%. Female partners of all men were tested with the PACE2 DNA hybridization assay to detect a C. trachomatis infection. Sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 100%. In 67 female partners (94%) of men who tested positive for U. urealyticum and/or M. hominis, a cervical swab culture was performed. The sensitivity of the cervical swab culture was 100%. In view of the high prevalence of U. urealyticum and M. hominis in the male genital tract and the role these sexually transmitted pathogens may play in infertility, one might question whether all couples should be screened for the presence of these pathogens. Transurethral swab culture after digital prostatic massage is disincentive to men. The cervical culture in their female partner, performed as part of the routine fertility work-up, is a suitable alternative to detect the presence of these micro-organisms in the male genital tract.
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PMID:Accurate detection of male subclinical genital tract infection via cervical culture and DNA hybridization assay of the female partner. 1063 61

A total of 81 infertile women, who had been referred for diagnostic loparoscopy, were tested for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasma. Out of 81, 30 had tubal adhesions and 51 had unilateral/bilateral tubal blockage. Antibodies to M. hominis were found in 21/30 (70%) and 14/51 (27.45%) women, antibodies to T-mycoplasma in 12/20 (40% and 39/51 (76.47%) women with tubal disorder. In a control group of 40 pregnant women, antibodies to the same two organisms occurred in 10% and 32.5%. Antibodies to M. hominis and T-mycoplasma were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in women with tubal disorder. Our results confirm the important role of M. hominis and T-mycoplasma in the aetiology of tubal infertility.
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PMID:Mycoplasmal antibodies as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in tubal factor infertility. 1086 70

Several mycoplasma species produce various diseases in different animal species. M. bovis has been described as the cause of mastitis, arthritis, pneumonia and infertility in cattle. Furthermore, this species has been the most frequently isolated agent producing bovine mastitis. The objective of this study was to isolate and typify mycoplasma strains from a clinical mastitis outbreak in a dairy farm of Buenos Aires Province. A total of 279 samples were studied (276 from pooled quarter milk of cows with clinical mastitis that did not respond to antibiotic therapy, 1 from bulk tank milk and 2 preputial swabs from bulls). The isolated mycoplasma strains (n = 12) were further characterized by biochemical analysis, serological studies and electrophoretic analysis of the protein profiles (SDS-PAGE). Based upon these studies, the isolated strains were identified as Mycoplasma bovis. This is the first report of isolation of this microorganism in Argentina. Therefore the results described here could be very useful to improve mastitis control in dairy farms.
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PMID:[Isolation of Mycoplasma bovis during an outbreak of bovine mastitis at a dairy farm in the province of Buenos Aires. 1st report in the Republic of Argentina]. 1094 23

Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from men with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) more than 20 years ago. Use of polymerase chain reaction technology has shown it to be a cause of acute NGU and probably chronic NGU, almost independently of Chlamydia trachomatis, but there is no substantial evidence that it causes acute or chronic prostatitis. In women, M. genitalium is not associated with bacterial vaginosis, but it is strongly associated with cervicitis and endometritis and serologically with salpingitis and tubal factor infertility. Further studies may show M. genitalium to be associated, perhaps causally, with epididymoorchitis, neonatal disease and reactive arthritis. Furthermore, its potential for enhancing HIV transmission needs to be explored. M. genitalium is susceptible to various broad-spectrum antibiotics, but M. genitalium-associated diseases are probably best treated with azithromycin.
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PMID:Mycoplasma genitalium -- an up-date. 1186 Jun 89

Mycoplasma equigenitalium and M. subdolum have been implicated in genital disorders and infertility of horses. The reported cytopathic effects of M. equigenitalium observed in vitro underscore its potential pathogenic role in reproductive dysfunction in mares. This study was initiated to determine the prevalence of mycoplasmas in the genital tract of stallions in relationship to age, clinical signs, geographic location and semen quality. For this purpose the mycoplasma flora of the genital tract of 116 stallions of the Noric breed was determined by isolation and colony immunoblotting and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Of 438 swabs from the genital tract, pre-ejaculatory fluid and semen samples, 352 (80%) samples were positive by PCR and 125 (29%) were positive by culture. Mycoplasmas were isolated predominantly from the fossa glandis and urethra and less frequently from the penis shaft and from semen. M. equigenitalium (89 isolates) and M. subdolum (70 isolates) were the predominant species identified. M. equirhinis and M. felis were detected in 27 and 8 samples, respectively. Comparison of these isolations with clinical signs, semen quality, and age of the stallions revealed no significant correlation. However, geographical location of the stallion significantly correlated with mycoplasma detection. These results suggest that mycoplasmas are present as commensals in the genital tract of stallions. Thus, clinically healthy stallions may present a permanent reservoir for infection of mares via venereal transmission.
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PMID:High prevalence of mycoplasmas in the genital tract of asymptomatic stallions in Austria. 1203 40

The etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is speculated upon based on reported incidence and epidemiological studies. In Western society, the incidence of PID (annual) is 1% among women aged 15-34 years and 2% in the high risk group of women aged 15-24 years. The annual incidence in the US is higher, at least 2% among fecund sexually active women aged 13-44 years. The medical consequences of PID are infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Causative agents include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and various other aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms; however, the natural genital flora of females is so varied that determining actual causative agents is difficult. some case-control studies have determined risk factors for PID; these include particularly current or prior use of IUD, prior pelvic surgery, sexual activity (including number of partners), race, and prior PID acute infection. PID is not a sexually transmitted disease, but rather is classified as sexually derived. Use of barrier methods and oral contraceptives protects against PID. IUD use greatly increases the risk of PID, probably because of the avenue the device provides for organisms to ascend from the lower to the upper genital tract. The role of males in PID etiology is currently the subject of much discussion. It is theorized that the mechanical action of penis insertion in intercourse helps to move causative agents to the upper genital region; also, semen may carry vaginal flora through the cervical opening into the uterus and tubes. Menstruation and PID are closely associated, perhaps because the cervix dilates during bleedings. Research areas include: determination of role of sexual activity (and number of partners) in PID etiology; evaluation of events of menstruation that are predisposing; evaluation of relationship between bacteriosperma and lower and upper genital infections; relationship of particular contraceptive methods to PID incidence; and breakdown of risk factors.
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PMID:The etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease. 1217 34

86 infertile couples and 20 couples of proven fertility as well as 30 pregnant women were investigated for the presence of ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) in the cervical secretion and semen. The frequency of T-mycoplasma was greater among infertile patients than the fertile group. Moreover, the rate of pregnancy wastage and the finding of nonspecific inflammatory cytology was more common in patients with positive cultures for T-mycoplasma.
Infertility 1979
PMID:T-mycoplasma and reproductive failure. 1226 5


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