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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sperm infection is a classic cause of infertility. But, it cannot be considered without a minimum of precautions. First, infection of the sperm must be proven (presence of altered leucocytes, even higher than 10(5) or 10(6)/ml is not sufficient). What are the consequences of sperm infection? For many germs, especially chlamydiae and mycoplasma, the effect on sperm is not recognized or demonstrated. Once the infection is recognized, an etiology must be found: unrecognized chronic urethritis, prostatitis and/or chronic vesiculitis, chronic epididymitis. The infection must be adequately treated: according to the germ, according to the results of the resistance to antibiotics, according to the etiology. The author concludes that a true sperm infection is very rare; but it must be looked for as soon as it is suspected, especially in patients with a recent history of genital infection. Therefore an effective treatment of infertility is possible.
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PMID:[Infection of the sperm in male sterility]. 292 39

In the University of Padua during the last ten years the chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma and viruses were studied in human infertility. The results show the influence on chlamydia and ureaplasma urealyticum, in some cases with different pathogenetic mechanisms. The results are discussed.
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PMID:Mycoplasma, chlamydia and viruses in the female genital tract and infertility: clinical experience. 303 80

The urogenital inflammations may be considered as "apparatus pathology". We analyze only inflammatory diseases of the prostate gland, because it may be extensible to the entire male genital apparatus. Among aethiological agents of infections an important role belongs to Chlamydia and Mycoplasma; we describe various methods for diagnosis of the Chlamydia and Mycoplasma infections. When objective clinical findings are poor or absent (such in prostatosis and prostatodynia) the transrectal ultrasonography demonstrates characteristic pictures useful for diagnosis and follow-up. Our clinical data and anatomo-pathological remarks suggest a real correlation between varicocele and genital inflammations (26%). This association doesn't represent the only cause of infertility, but frequently reduces the probability of male fertility.
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PMID:Urogenital inflammations: aetiology, diagnosis and their correlation with varicocele and male infertility. 306 82

Two-hundred-and-thirty-three asymptomatic couples with a mean duration of infertility of 5 years were submitted to postcoital testing (PT) and to sperm penetration meter test (SPMT) and simultaneous microbial screening. Cervical swabs and semen specimens were collected for culture of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, other potentially pathogenic and commensal aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, herpes simplex virus, vaginal swabs for Trichomonas vaginalis and yeasts. Results of microbial screening were analysed with regard to sperm penetration ability into wives' cervical mucus in vivo and in vitro, but no marked influence was revealed for most microorganisms. Samples of only one of the 233 couples proved to be completely sterile. The findings suggest that in asymptomatic patients microbial colonization is of minor importance for sperm-mucus interaction.
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PMID:Influence of microbial colonization on sperm-mucus interaction in vivo and in vitro. 311 13

In Nairobi, Kenya, researchers enrolled 35 women at 7-9 days postpartum who delivered vaginally and had clinical endometritis (purulent lochia, fever, uterine tenderness, or uterine subinvolution) and 30 puerperal women without endometritis in a case control study. The study aimed to examine the association between clinical criteria and microbial and histological findings in diagnosing postpartum endometritis and the role of various microorganisms in the etiology of this infection. Cases were significantly more likely to have foul lochia (51.1% vs. 20%; p = .005) and abdominal pain (77.1% vs. 46.7%; p = .02). Laboratory personnel were able to isolate both Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis significantly more often from the cervices and the endometria of the patients than from the controls. Each of these 2 microorganisms were also isolated more often from the endometria of patients than of controls (3 patients vs. 0 patients for both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis), but the difference was not significant. The researchers could not determine the etiology of postpartum endometritis in the remaining two-thirds of cases. Isolation rates for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum from the cervices and endometria were essentially the same in both patients and controls. Moderate or severe plasma cell infiltration occurred in 24% of cases and 4.5% of controls (p = .06). No correlation between histology and microbiology existed, however. These findings suggest that controlling maternal sexually transmitted disease would reduce postpartum pelvic infections and secondary infertility.
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PMID:Microbial aetiology and diagnostic criteria of postpartum endometritis in Nairobi, Kenya. 313 52

Sperm-mucus interaction under in-vitro or in-vivo conditions might be affected by microorganisms colonizing the reproductive tract. In order to study the influence of antimicrobial therapy, an extensive microbial screening was performed including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a broad spectrum of potentially pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus and yeasts. One-hundred-and-six couples with a mean duration of infertility of 5.5 years (range 1-12 years) and with isolation of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in semen samples and/or cervical swabs were submitted to a prospective pilot study. None of the patients displayed signs or symptoms of infection in the lower genital tract. Before and after specific therapy, based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing, sperm analyses and in-vitro sperm penetration meter tests (SPMT) (Kremer) were performed. SPMT was evaluated with cervical mucus of patients' wives, collected after a standardized oral treatment with oestrogens and, additionally, in a crossed manner with cervical mucus and spermatozoa of fertile donors. The success of antimicrobial therapy was controlled by repeating the same microbial screening and was 96%. However, there was a marked change in the microbial pattern. A comparison of the results of sperm analyses before and after treatment revealed neither significant differences for sperm volume, sperm count, propulsive motility, morphology, vitality, pH, fructose concentration or number of round cells, nor was there a significant influence on the cervical index and the number of leukocytes in cervical mucus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of antimicrobial therapy on sperm-mucus interaction. 318 76

Ureaplasma urealyticum und Mycoplasma hominis are frequently isolated from the urogenital tract of sexually active persons. Their pathogenetic role in urogenital infections and infertility are still controversial. U. urealyticum can cause urethritis and most likely also chronic prostatitis. M. hominis can cause cystitis, salpingitis, and postpartal fever in women and meningitis in newborns. M. genitalium was recently isolated from patients with urethritis and salpingitis. The diagnosis is made by the cultivation of mycoplasmas in high concentrations and rising antibody titers in the serum. As in chlamydial infections, the therapy of first choice is tetracyclin. M. hominis can also be treated with clindamycin, U. urealyticum with erythromycin.
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PMID:[Genital Mycoplasma infections--clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy]. 331 82

The present study was carried out on 1092 asymptomatic male patients suffering from unexplained infertility without any history or clinical signs of inflammatory diseases of the genital tract. Semen samples were cultured for mycoplasma. In 214 of the patients, we additionally performed bacteriological investigations on seminal fluid, smears from the glans penis or prepuce, and urine specimens. Semen analysis included the common ejaculate parameters. We found significantly elevated counts of mycoplasma in 13% of the semen samples examined; pathogenic isolation rates of bacteria were observed in 36%. Increased counts of various bacterial species associated with high numbers of mycoplasma seem to be one of the causative factors in male infertility. There was not observed any close relationship between the recovery of microorganism and poor semen quality, except for fructose and citrate. When follow-up investigations were carried out in untreated patients, the concentrations of mycoplasma and bacteria in the semen fluid revealed a spontaneous variability of considerable extent, indicating frequent contamination of the semen. Therefore, we recommend to perform a culture control test of the semen prior to specific antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:[Value of detecting pathogens in fertility disorders]. 363 Mar 2

The multiple etiology of non-gonorrhoic urethritis has been extensively investigated in the last few years. It has thus become possible to diagnose the separate forms and consequently treat them with a greater degree of accuracy and specificity. For exact diagnosis multiple and time consuming examinations are often necessary. Sometimes this can only be done in highly specialized laboratories. Among the agents triggering such an infection Chlamydia (30.9% of the cases of non-gonorrhoic urethritis), as well as mycoplasma, ureaplasma, anaerobic bacteria and herpes simplex viruses have gained particular significance. Whereas these infections very rarely lead to complications by ascension in men they can result in unpleasant and severe disease in women (salpingitis, infertility, newborn infection).
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PMID:[Nonspecific urethritis]. 367 93

Several species of Mycoplasma have been isolated from the human genital tract, the most common being M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. A causal relationship between such infections and sperm dysfunction and infertility has yet to be established. It was the purpose of this study to examine the effects of U. urealyticum infection on the function of sperm as assessed by seminal fluid analysis (SFA), in vitro penetration of bovine cervical mucus (BCMP), and the hamster sperm penetration assay (SPA). No significant differences were noted in the SFA of infected and uninfected samples, either fresh or frozen, fertile or infertile. In addition, no differences were noted in the BCMP or SPA. In sperm from U. urealyticum-infected individuals the basic physiological mechanisms underlying mucus penetration and ovum fertilization seem intact.
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PMID:Physiological integrity of human sperm in the presence of Ureaplasma urealyticum. 371 62


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