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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections not only jeopardize fertility but also pose a risk for infertility treatment and resulting pregnancies. Routine screening tests or empirical antibiotic treatment of infertile couples may be justified by the prevalence of these organisms. We studied the wives in 40 consecutive infertile couples. Monoclonal direct immunofluorescence (DIF) for C trachomatis was performed on fixed smears from endocervical swabs. M hominis and U urealyticum were isolated by inoculation of Hayflick (HF) medium, HF broth and Ureaplasma A7 agar with endocervical swabs. Using DIF, 11 (27.5%) specimens were positive, 25 (62.5%) were negative, and 4 (10.0%) were equivocal. DIF was repeated on smears from three of the last four patients; all three were positive for C trachomatis. One patient was lost to follow-up and excluded from the study. For the total 39 specimens the final results were 14 (35.9%) positive and 25 (64.1%) negative. M hominis was isolated from 3 (7.5%) endocervical swabs. None of the endocervical swabs yielded a culture positive for U urealyticum. Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the clinical history and presence of infection with any of the three organisms. The prevalence of 35.9% for C trachomatis was surprisingly high for an infertile population and, if supported by culture confirmation, justifies routine screening. The potential adverse effects of these organisms on the success rate of highly specialized infertility treatments are essentially unresolved. Since our analysis of cost effectiveness as applicable to our unit, all new infertile couples are treated empirically with lymecycline.
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections in women. Prevalence, risks and management at a South African infertility clinic. 203 Apr 88

The authors used enzyme immunoassay to determine the prevalence of serum antibodies to the sexually transmitted disease (STD) organisms Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis among 104 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Altogether, 55 (72%) out of 76 women with tubal abnormalities tested positive for one or more STD organisms, compared with only 6 (21%) out of 28 infertile women with normal tubes (P less than .001). The authors obtained positive test results for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. hominis in 40%, 14%, and 37% of the patients with tubal abnormalities, respectively; of women without tubal abnormalities, the test results were 7%, 0%, and 14%, respectively. Out of 20 patients with a history of ectopic pregnancy, the authors obtained positive findings for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and M. hominis in 8 (40%), 1 (5%), and 7 (35%), respectively. These results indicate an independent role for all three STD organisms in the etiology of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy following both symptomatic and asymptomatic pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The correlation between positive mycoplasmal serology and secondary infertility and tubal abnormalities may suggest a link between M. hominis infections during pregnancy and delivery complications and consequent development of tubal factor infertility.
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PMID:Serologic evidence for the role of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis in the etiology of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. 210 71

Artificial insemination with donor semen has become a well established alternative for couples with untreatable male factor infertility. Because of the widespread use of donor insemination, and the increasing awareness and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, the American Fertility Society recently redrafted procedural guidelines for the use of donor screening for insemination. Our series of donor screenings is reported to emphasize the necessity of donor evaluations at frequent intervals. From June 1986 through August 1987, 48 healthy male volunteers presented as potential semen donors for our donor program. Each was evaluated with a careful medical history, physical examination and 2 semen analyses for evidence of sexually transmitted disease. On initial evaluation, no donor presented with a positive human immunodeficiency virus antibody, abnormal karyotype, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, rapid plasma reagent, or positive cultures for Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. One potential donor was excluded because of a positive hepatitis B-core antibody and 1 because of a positive IgM test for cytomegalovirus. At initial examination 3 potential donors had a positive culture for Ureaplasma; all 3 were treated with 3 weeks of tetracycline, and repeat cultures were all negative. Routine followup screening was performed on all donors at 3-month intervals for all sexually transmitted diseases. During this 14-month period cultures converted to positive for Ureaplasma in 4 donors. Furthermore, 1 donor at 6 months contracted gonorrhea. He was treated but no longer used as a donor. Since initiation of the outlined protocol more than 800 inseminations have been performed using fresh semen with no case of sexually transmitted diseases reported from our recipients. We conclude that careful sexual history, and frequent donor and semen evaluation are necessary for prevention of diseases that might be transmitted sexually. If these precautions are strictly observed use of donor semen is safe and effective.
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PMID:Artificial insemination with donor semen: the necessity of frequent donor screening. 215 44

During an outbreak of a disease in a swine insemination centre in Bavaria, Fed. Rep. of Germany, characterized by conjunctivitis, severe polyarthritis and infertility mycoplasmas have been isolated from the joint fluids of the three boars investigated. Two of the isolate could be typed as Mycoplasma (M.) arthritidis which causes arthritis in rats, mice and rabbits, the third as M. collis, a probably apathogenic rodent mycoplasma species. One of the two isolated M. arthritidis strains (strain D 263) was injected intravenously in rats and mice, which developed mild to severe polyarthritis or even died, depending on the numbers of organisms inoculated. Since the bacteriological and virological investigations of the joints of boars did not yield a causative agent, it is to suppose that M. arthritidis played the substantial role in the production of the disease of the boars. It is very likely that the boars caught the mycoplasmas from rodents infected with the isolated species.
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PMID:Isolation of Mycoplasma arthritidis from the joint fluid of boars. 222 Jan 96

Sulfoglycolipids are ubiquitous components of the male germ cell membrane. Sulfogalactoglycerolipid (SGG) is restricted to mammalian cells and has recently been implicated in sperm/egg interactions. Mycoplasma infections have been implicated in infertility in a variety of species, including humans. Four such species-specific mycoplasmas, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis (humans), Mycoplasma pulmonis (rodents), and Ureaplasma diversum (cattle) are not shown to specifically recognize SGG and the sphingolipid counterpart, sulfogalactosyl ceramide. This glycolipid receptor binding may relate to the reproductive pathogenesis of these organisms.
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PMID:Common sulfoglycolipid receptor for mycoplasmas involved in animal and human infertility. 228 18

Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the major mammalian male germ cell glycolipid and has been implicated in sperm/egg binding. Mycoplasma pulmonis, a species of Mollicutes, is associated with male infertility in rodents. Purified SGG incubated in the presence of M. pulmonis was enzymatically degraded by both desulfation and deacylation. Desulfation occurred primarily at alkaline pH, and deacylation also increased with increased pH, indicating that these represent novel enzymatic activities. Digestion was facilitated, but not dependent on, the presence of detergent. Rat spermatozoa exposed to M. pulmonis showed a reduction in SGG content which was particularly marked for cauda (mature) spermatozoa. With the aid of tlc overlay binding procedure, intact M. pulmonis were found to bind specifically to sulfated glycolipids and thus SGG may provide the cell membrane receptor for this organism. The topology of mycoplasma binding to rat sperm was consistent with the known topology of sperm SGG. The reduced binding (and subsequent digestion) of caput spermatozoan SGG correlates with the membrane colocalization of SGG and its endogenous binding protein at this stage. Separation of SGG and its binding protein during epididymal sperm maturation appears to facilitate M. pulmonis binding to and digestion of cauda sperm SGG. The binding and degradation of the sperm SGG by M. pulmonis may play a role in the induction of infertility which follows infection with these organisms by interfering in sperm/egg receptor recognition.
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PMID:Male germ cell specific sulfogalactoglycerolipid is recognized and degraded by mycoplasmas associated with male infertility. 229 20

Microbiological investigations were carried out on two groups of men and women--a) with genital non gonococcal pathology and--b) in infertile/sterile people of the same sex and age (mean age 28.4 y) with the aim to document in them the prevalence of various microorganisms particularly of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis as aetiological agent of their pathology. Serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis were also studied by microimmunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and ELISA methods in the same population in comparison with apparently healthy blood donors of the same sex and age as control. Finally, 56 infertile/sterile couples were included in this study to investigate the possible role of Chl. trachomatis. Various microorganisms were isolated more frequently from women of the group b) (45.5%-22.9% respectively p less than 0.01). Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma in comparison with Chl. trachomatis were prevalent in all groups investigated (p less than 0.01). Infertile/sterile women had higher anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies than did women with genital non gonococcal pathology or women of the control group (p less than 0.01). Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma strains were isolated from infertile/sterile couples more frequently than Chl. trachomatis but the women of these couples had high titres (greater than 128) of anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies. Finally, IgA as well as IgG anti Chl. trachomatis antibodies were demonstrated in two out of nine peritoneal fluid samples obtained from women affected by PID. In one case, a pregnancy underwent after an ad hoc therapy of the two partners from whom two Ureaplasma strains were isolated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological and serological study in cases of infertility with or without sterility with particular emphasis on the etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis]. 248 84

Chronic endometritis and its association with cervical colonization by Ureaplasma urealyticum was investigated in a group of 28 infertile patients treated for infertility problems. Twenty had positive cervical cultures for U. urealyticum and eight had negative cultures. There was focal chronic endometritis in 11 of the endometrial biopsies of the 20 cases with positive mycoplasma cultures. Ten of these biopsies were in the secretory phase, and one was in proliferative phase. No case with a negative culture showed endometritis.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic diagnosis of mycoplasma endometritis. 256 6

Endocervical (120) and endourethral (104) swabs collected from patients attending the Gynaecological OPD and STD Clinic of a Hospital, in north India were subjected to the chlamydiazyme test to detect C. trachomatis antigen. This antigen was detected in 25 per cent (30 of 120) of cervical and 20.19 per cent (21 of 104) of urethral specimens. Of the 51 antigen positive cases, 30 (58.8%) presented with the clinical picture of cervicitis, 11 (21.5%) with urethritis, 6 (11.7%) were cases of primary infertility and 4 (7.8%) were healthy controls. The association of C. trachomatis and other sexually manifested microorganisms (Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis) was found more commonly in patients of cervicitis, especially those who were C. trachomatis antigen positive.
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PMID:Chlamydiazyme test for rapid detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. 266 22

One hundred consecutive infertile patients were studied to determine the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among middle and upper income patients, most of whom were referred as longstanding failures by other physicians. There were no cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, or AIDS found among these patients. One patient was pregnant when first seen, and was eliminated. Genital mycoplasmas were cultured from 64 wives. Antibodies for past or recent infection with Chlamydia were present in only 23. Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and to herpes II were found in 92 and 65, respectively. If only the mycoplasmas, Chlamydia, and herpes II are considered possible causes of human infertility, only 7 of the 99 couples showed no evidence of ever having had any of these three infections. Edometrial histology was positive for the changes associated with Mycoplasma infection in 47 of the 86 patients biopsied. Of the 39 with negative biopsies, 24 yielded positive cultures for Mycoplasma. Hence, only 15 of the 99 patients were negative for Mycoplasma by both culture and/or endometrial histology. Treatment with the antibiotic of choice, as indicated by sensitivity testing of all Mycoplasma-positive cultures, was an important factor in producing 43 pregnancies during the first year of study. Two of these were ectopic; 11 were spontaneous abortions, with one of these women now pregnant again and in mid-trimester; 28 have delivered healthy babies; and two are still pregnant and doing well.
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PMID:Mycoplasma, chlamydia, Epstein-Barr, herpes I and II, and AIDS infections among 100 consecutive infertile female patients and husbands: diagnosis, treatment, and results. 289 37


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