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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of mycoplasmas in infertility was studied in 120 couples. During the 12 months of the study, 27 couples (22.5%) conceived. T mycoplasmas were isolated from 63% of these couples and Mycoplasma hominis from 18%, compared with 56% and 13%, respectively, in those who did not conceive. 88, with primary infertility of unascertained cause, took part in a controlled trial with doxycycline. The couples in the trial were allocated randomly to 3 groups; 30 received doxycycline, 28 a placebo, and 30 couples were untreated. Although a 28-day course of doxycycline eradicated M. hominis and T-strain mycoplasmas from 27 (96%) of the 28 couples harboring them, the rate of conception was no higher in those treated with the drug than in the control groups. It is concluded that mycoplasmas are not associated with primary infertility and that, although doxycycline eradicated them, the drug is of no benefit in the treatment of primary infertility of unascertained cause.
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PMID:Doxycycline treatment and human infertility. 4 49

Findings in a study of 100 Nigerian males supported the contention that ureaplasma urealyticum may have an inhibitory influence on fertility. When semen samples from 20 normal males, 17 males with sperm counts of 20-39 million/ml, and 63 males with sperm concentrations less than 20 million/ml were cultured in an oxoid mycoplasma broth, ureaplasma urealyticum was cultured in 39 of the samples. 36 of these 39 positive cultures were from males with sperm counts of less than 20 million/ml. Those patients with positive cultures and their wives were treated with tetracycline and within 6 months of treatment, conception occurred in the wives of 5 of the males with sperm concentrations of 20-35 million/ml. Apparently there is a tendency for the ureaplasma urealyticum to attach to sperm cells, and this may have an inhibitory effect on fertilization. Since positive cultures were obtained from 3 of the fertile males, it is possible that ureaplasma urealyticum is pathogenic for some individuals but not for others. This study does not prove that there is a cause and effect relationship between ureaplasma urealyticum and infertility; however, in view of the high infertility rates in many parts of Africa, tetracycline or doxycycline therapy is routinely recommended for males with ureaplasma urealyticum in their ejaculate and for their wives. Included is the formula for the oxoid mycoplasma broth and a table showing the number and distribution of positive and negative cultures by sperm concentration.
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PMID:Ureaplasma urealyticum (T. mycoplasma) and male infertility in topical countries. 10 40

In this study the presence of Mycoplasma species in patients suffering from infertility was examined. 41 women and 37 men were examined, including 31 couples, and ten single women and six single men. Samples of vaginal and cervical mucus were taken from each woman, and samples of seminal fluid from each man. Identification and typing of the organisms were performed on the basis of microscopic and cultural characteristics and inhibition of growth by specific antibodies. Out of the 78 patients examined, 35 harboured Mycoplasma, either as Ureaplasma urealyticum or Mycoplasma hominis. Further investigation is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
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PMID:Isolation of mycoplasma species from infertile patients: an epidemiological contribution. 32

Endometrial biopsy is an essential tool in the evaluation of the infertile couple. Among the various causes of infertility which may be elucidated by such a biopsy, endometritis plays a significant role. In this review endometritis has been subdivided into three distinct pathologic entities: acute, chronic, and fibrotic. Detailed histologic features are discussed separately for each of these varieties. Most of the acute inflammations of the endometrium are cauased by bacteria. They are usually of short duration, respond well to treatment, and only rarely are associated with long-standing infertility. Chronic endometritis, on the other hand, can be caused by a variety of agents such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, in the majority of cases with chronic endometritis the etiology cannot be determined and these are then considered nonspecific. Tuberculous endometritis, which is discussed under the heading of chronic endometritis, constitutes a common cause of infertility in certain countries but much less so in the United States. Other less common conditions such as mycoplasma infection and cytomegalic virus infection, have also been associated with reproductive failure. However, chronic endometritis, especially the most common so-called nonspecific type, is a relatively uncommon cause of infertility. The syndrome of intrauterine adhesions or synechiae has been classified here as fibrotic endometritis because of the pathogenesis and histopathology of this lesion. This entity is commonly associated with infertility and may constitute the end result of a long-standing inflammatory process in the endometrium. The diagnosis of endometritis is not a simple one and necessitates close cooperation between the clinician and pathologist. Pertinent clinical and detailed histopathologic data have to be exchanged between the treating physician and pathologist, especially in cases of infertility, in order for the patient to have benefit from the examination of endometrial tissue obtained.
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PMID:Endometritis and infertility. 35 78

Forty-two couples in an infertility clinic were examined for genital infection with Mycoplasma hominis or Ureaplasma urealyticum (T strains). In 21 couples one or other partner was found to be infected; no chlamydiae, trichomonads, or gonococci were isolated from any of these couples. All patients were then included in a double-blind crossover doxycycline/placebo study lasting 8 months. Pregnancy was achieved in one of the 21 couples who were free of infection. Of the 21 couples who were infected, one achieved a pregnancy while still infected, and 19 lost their infection on doxycycline, of whom four achieved a pregnancy. These four pregnancies all occurred among the 10 couples who received doxycycline first. One further pregnancy occurred after the trial was over. Since 5 of the 7 pregnancies occurred in the first 4 months of the trial, they were probably due to the psychological effect of treatment rather than the effect of the drug on infection.
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PMID:A double-blind cross-over study of the effect of doxycycline on mycoplasma infection and infertility. 38 Jun 31

Attempts were made to isolate mycoplasmas from the uterine cervix of infertile women and normal pregnant and nonpregnant women to investigate the relationship of genital mycoplasma infection to infertility. Ureaplasma urealyticum was demonstrated in 63% of patients with infertility, 68% of normal pregnant women, and 62% of normal nonpregnant women. The incidence of Mycoplasma hominis infection was found to be noticeably lower, with corresponding isolation rates of 10%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. The differences in rate of isolation for U. urealyticum and for M. hominis among the three groups did not reach statistical significance. During a follow-up period of more than 12 months without any treatment for mycoplasma infection in the infertile cases, 11 women (27.5%) became pregnant. These included 7 (28%) of 25 women with positive U. urealyticum cultures. The results demonstrate a fairly high incidence of female genital infection with U. urealyticum which, as the data would indicate, cannot be directly associated with infertility.
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PMID:Mycoplasma infection and infertility. 42 82

Semen samples were collected by masturbation under asceptic conditions from men who had sired children within the past 6 mo (group A) and asymptomatic men attending an infertility clinic who had not sired children and whose wives were asymptomatic for infertility (group B). These 109 semen samples were analyzed and cultured for isolation of aerobic and anerobic organisms. Overall, 68% of the specimens had positive bacterial cultures: 54% of the samples from group A were positive and 73% from group B were positive. Mixed bacterial flora were isolated from both groups but in group B they were more varied and present in a higher colony count than in group A. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staph. aureus, Corynebacterium species, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum were isolated from group A. Group B revealed these organisma plus Streptococcus pneumoniae type III, Strep. pyogenes group A, Strep. feacalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus species, and Eubacterium species. Semen samples from group A were of better quality than those from group B. In addition, the antibacterial effect of seminal plasma from group A was greater than that from group B.
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PMID:Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in semen from fertile and infertile groups of men. 48 50

In a study of 50 women of child-bearing age, half of whom had infertility problems, it was demonstrated that the infertile group more commonly yielded Ureaplasma urealyticum on culture (84% versus 60%), had more than twice the recoveries from the endocervical canal than fertile women had (80% verse 36%), and grew a much higher log number of T mycoplasma from this locus. No particular serotype predominated as an isolate from infertile women in this study, although antisera to serotype 3 inhibited growth of most of the T mycoplasma recovered. Strains insensitive to erythromycin were recoverable from more than half of the fertile women. Of 143 patients without fertility problems there was no significant difference in Ureaplasma isolation between women who used an intrauterine device (IUD) and those who did not.
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PMID:T mycoplasma in human reproductive failure. 50 80

The effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis suspension on mouse on mouse fertilization and preimplantation development in vitro was examined. When sperm were preincubated with M. pulmonis, fertilization of eggs occured less consistently than when untreated sperm were used. There was also a highly significant and consistent reduction in embryonic develoment in the treated group, with relatively few embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. The adverse effects were not seen with M. fermentans or with M. pulmonis organisms inactivated by heating or sonication before incubation with gametes. Likewise, preincubation of M. pulmonis in medium containing tetracycline, an antibiotic which interferes with protein synthesis, resulted in embryonic development similar to that seen in the untreated group. These results suggest that the deleterious effects obtained with viable mycoplasmas are due to some substance produced by their active metabolism. Other results indicate that the egg is susceptible to M. pulmonis for a limited time, since incubation of two-cell embryos with mycoplasmas had no effect on development to the blastocyst stage. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible association between human infertility and mycoplasma infection.
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PMID:The effect of Mycoplasma pulmonis on fertilization and preimplantation development in vitro of mouse eggs. 55 21

The presence of mycoplasma was investigated in 77 women with infertility, 34 women complaining of sterility, 92 women with vaginitis and 66 healthy control subjects. The group of infertile women was subdivided into those with one or two spontaneous abortions, those with three or more abortions and those with missed abortions. The isolation rate of mycoplasma from the vagina and cervix of the infertile women ranged from 18 to 36%. The endometrial isolation rate was 21% in women with missed abortions but lower in women of the other two subdivisions. Mycoplasmas were infrequently found in patients investigated for sterility. They were isolated at a higher rate in patients with vaginitis, especially in those with trichomonas-associated vaginitis. They were not found in healthy control subjects. In the endometria positive for mycoplasma no specific histological features for this infection were found.
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PMID:Isolation of mycoplasmas from the genital tract of women with reproductive failure, sterility or vaginitis. 56 42


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