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Query: UMLS:C0026936 (Mycoplasma)
 14,761 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fermentative mycoplasmas A. laidlawii JS, M. hyorhinis DBS-50, M. hyorhinis GDL and M. pneumoniae FH have very high apparent activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) (EC 1.2.4.1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC). Infection of normal and PDHC-deficient fibroblasts with these mycoplasma species resulted in a marked increase of the specific activity of these two enzymes, and under certain conditions could conceal the enzymatic defect. The non-fermentative mycoplasmas M. salivarium VV and M. arthritidis PG-6 have very low apparent activities of these two enzymes. Normal fibroblasts infected with non-fermentative mycoplasmas could appear as deficient in these two enzymes. The degree of interference depends on the number of mycoplasmas associated with the harvested cells. Besides the mycoplasma species, this depends (1) on the duration of infection which determines mycoplasmal titers and also can have a killing effect on both host cells and/or mycoplasmas; (2) harvest of the cells by scraping or trypsinization; (3) centrifugal force used in the collection of the cells; (4) washing and the inherent mechanical treatment; and (5) other possibilities.
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PMID:Effect of mycoplasma infection on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity of normal and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient fibroblasts. 642 97

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia. Infection is usually self-limited, but fulminant pneumonia and extrapulmonary complications can supervene. Usually, unilateral confluent, patchy, or nodular infiltrates of the lower lobe are seen on roentgenograms. Diagnosis is achieved by isolation of the organism or by serologic methods. Treatment with either erythromycin or tetracycline is effective, although organisms can be recovered during therapy. In the three cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia reported here, infection was resistant to initial therapy but patients recovered when appropriate antimicrobial therapy was instituted.
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PMID:Mycoplasmal pneumonia. Three severe cases of a common infection. 649 82

The course of experimental infection in groups of 6-month-old castrated lambs with field isolates of Mycoplasma agalactiae from France was followed culturally and serologically for 7 months. Infection with an ovine field isolate following inoculation by different routes and contact exposure was compared with that caused similarly by a caprine field isolate. The prolonged infections produced were symptomless apart from limited arthritis in one animal inoculated with the isolate from sheep and increased lachrymation in another associated with the goat isolate. The ovine isolate was more virulent in that ante- and post-mortem recoveries of the organism were more consistent and the serological responses more pronounced. Serological responses varied between animals and between strain infections, and the results of the film inhibition test were more consistent than those of the complement fixation test. The limitations of both these tests for detecting carrier infections are discussed.
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PMID:Experimental infection of castrated lambs with Mycoplasma agalactiae. 651 50

The epidemiology of cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum among a group of pregnant American Indian women was investigated. The prevalences of these microorganisms were 24-30% for C. trachomatis, 50% for M. hominis, and 80% for U. urealyticum. These rates are unusually high for an unselected sample. Infection with C. trachomatis was correlated with younger age but not with primigravidity or educational level. Neither M. hominis nor U. urealyticum infection was correlated with younger age, primigravidity, or level of education. The possible consequences of the increased prevalences of C. trachomatis, M. hominis, and U. urealyticum in this group of American Indians are of concern and are being investigated.
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PMID:The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmal infections during pregnancy in an American Indian population. 666 63

Infection of cell cultures by mycoplasmas can be detected and the mycoplasma identified by Southern blot hybridization of the Eco RI-digested DNA of the suspected cell cultures with a nick-translated probe consisting of cloned ribosomal RNA genes of Mycoplasma capricolum. The probe does not hybridize with eukaryotic DNA. The hybridization pattern with mycoplasmal DNA is species specific, enabling the identification of the four most prevalent mycoplasma contaminants, Mycoplasma orale, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma arginini, and Acholeplasma laidlawii. The test is also very sensitive and can detect as little as 1 ng of mycoplasmal DNA, roughly equivalent to the DNA content of 10(5) mycoplasmas.
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PMID:Detection of mycoplasmas infecting cell cultures by DNA hybridization. 672 20

Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease of man. Data from a 12-yr period of surveillance in Seattle, WA, USA, revealed that infection rates varied from 2% in endemic years to 35% in epidemic periods (J Infect Dis 139: 681, 1979). Most persons with M. pneumoniae infections have a relatively mild disease, which is not usually accompanied by frequent complications. Atypical pneumonia caused by the organisms is most prevalent in school-age children, with peak occurrence at about 10 years old. In this group, 13 to 18% of those infected develop pneumonia. Clinical disease is uncommon below 4 and above 50 years of age. M. pneumoniae infections probably occur throughout the world. It has been estimated that approximately 50% of the infections in adults but only 20% in children are completely asymptomatic. The usual clinical picture of atypical pneumonia and the wide range of unusual manifestations of M. pneumoniae disease are presented. Except for a few single case reports, histopathology of M. pneumoniae disease has been extensively studied after experimental infection of hamsters and guinea pigs. These animal models had to be developed because of the benign course of most M. Pneumoniae diseases in man. Due to this limited information on the pathology of natural disease, comments on its pathogenesis are also based on findings using experimental models. Infection is established by attachment of the organisms to the surface membrane of ciliated epithelial cells. Antigenic similarities between the glycolipids of M. pneumoniae membranes and host tissue, unspecific blastogenesis and immunosuppression during infection have been described. These phenomena may explain a decreased protective immune mechanism of the host during infection. Several as yet unexplained features of M. pneumoniae disease support the hypothesis that lung infiltrates in M. pneumoniae infection may be, in part, immunologically determined in a host sensitized by one or more silent infections.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. 679 35

Mycoplasma pneumoniae attaches to a variety of surfaces. Adherence to inert surfaces such as glass requires an intact energy metabolism. Interaction with sheep erythrocytes occurs via a binding protein on the mycoplasma surface. The protein reacts with a receptor containing sialic acid. Adherence to other erythrocytes may involve different mechanisms. Different results have been reported on interaction with tissue cells. The various mechanisms probably cooperate and thereby facilitate the colonization of the human respiratory tract.
Infection 1982
PMID:Adherence of mycoplasmas: phenomena and possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. 680 38

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen. Children and young adults are at particular risk, especially if they are living in closed communities. As many as one in five persons with M. pneumoniae infection may develop pneumonia. Infection is endemic within the community, with two peaks of incidence each year. Early diagnosis requires recognition of the disease pattern, although the chest radiograph may be helpful. Tetracycline and erythromycin are effective therapy.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. 683 3

Microbiological cultural, cytologic, and immunologic observations were made on 30 calves. The eyes, nares, and bronchioalveolar region were subjected to microbiological cultural examination for mycoplasmas. Four of the examinations of 30 eyes, 15 of those of 30 nasal tissues, and 25 of those of the 30 bronchioalveolar regions from the 30 calves were positive for mycoplasmas. Mycoplasma bovis and M bovirhinis were the most prevalent species. Cytologic examinations of peripheral blood and bronchioalveolar washes did not show pathologic changes. Results of indirect hemagglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lymphocyte-stimulation tests on peripheral blood cells, and skin testing demonstrated only a low prevalence of immune recognition of M bovis. Infection and immune response were studied in 3 calves for 10 weeks before, and for 4 weeks after, intratracheal administration of live M bovis.
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PMID:Prevalence of mycoplasmas and immune responses to Mycoplasma bovis in feedlot calves. 686 90

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, was isolated from vesicular gland secretions of a large proportion of clinically normal pubescent bulls. Infections established at this site in 1 to 2 year old bulls sometimes persisted for over a year, induced a local immune response, and were associated in some animals with unacceptably low motility of sperm following freezing of semen for artificial insemination. Inoculation of as few as 1000 cfu directly into the vesicular gland sufficed to establish infection but the naturally occurring syndrome could not be successfully reproduced by this method. Intratracheal injection of the organism produced infection of the upper genital tract in one of two bulls. The ELISA test was more sensitive than the IHA test in detection of antibodies to M. bovigenitalium in serum or vesicular secretions, but its usefulness was limited by extensive cross reactions with other Mycoplasma species.
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PMID:Mycoplasma bovigenitalium in the upper genital tract of bulls: spontaneous and induced infections. 710 62


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